聚酯下脚料生产对苯二甲酸型不饱和聚酯的研究

研究了利用聚酯下脚料生产对苯二甲酸型不饱和聚酯树脂的方法。分析了原料配比及工艺参数对产品性能的影响,将对苯二甲酸型不饱和聚酯的性能与邻苯二甲酸型不饱和聚酯及间苯二甲酸型聚酯的性能进行了比较。结论认为对苯二甲酸型不饱和聚酯树脂是一种性能良好的耐腐蚀树脂。     

富锰渣制备硫酸锰过程中除杂方法新探

研究了以富锰渣为原料,经硫酸浸出制备硫酸锰的工艺过程中除杂方法。分别探讨了以MnO2、H2O2、空气为氧化剂,以NH3.H2O、Ca(OH)2、富锰渣等为中和除杂剂,控制pH在5~6,中和除杂温度为50~60℃,保温时间1~1.5 h情况下,采用不同的除杂剂及除杂条件,取得了不同的除杂效果。     

林地腐殖土腐植酸对毒死蜱水解影响及吸附作用

采用平衡振荡法研究腐植酸对毒死蜱水解的影响和毒死蜱在腐植酸上的吸附特征及其影响因素.结果表明,在试验浓度范围内腐植酸可促进毒死蜱的水解,腐植酸浓度为120 mg/L时,毒死蜱的水解速率常数k明显增大,为不加腐植酸时的2.53倍,腐植酸浓度增加毒死蜱的水解速率降低.毒死蜱在腐植酸上的吸附行为均可用Linear方程和Freundlich方程来描述,拟合效果均达到显著水平;试验条件下温度为15℃时毒死蜱在腐植酸上的吸附量最大,随温度的升高吸附量呈现出先降低后增大的趋势;pH值减小,腐植酸对毒死蜱的吸附能力增大;而离子强度对毒死蜱的吸附影响不明显;腐植酸添加量越大,吸附量越大,但单位质量的腐植酸吸附量越小.     

乙二胺四甲叉膦酸合成新工艺及产品应用研究

研究了由乙二胺、甲醛和亚磷酸直接一步合成乙二胺四甲叉膦酸的新工艺及操作条件,并对合成的产品阻垢性能进行了评价。实验得出的反应适宜操作条件为:乙二胺与甲醛、亚磷酸的物质的量配比为1∶4∶4、反应温度为100~105℃、反应时间为1.5~2.0 h;合成出的乙二胺四甲叉膦酸及其钠盐对钙垢有较好的阻抑效果。     

多羧酸系高效减水剂与水泥的相容性

研究了不同高效减水剂(多羧酸系、萘系)对普通硅酸盐水泥、中热硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥及快硬硅酸盐水泥浆体的流动度及流动度经时损失情况。结果表明,多羧酸系高效减水剂比萘系高效减水剂与水泥具有更好的相容性;多羧酸系和萘系高效减水剂与不同水泥之间的相容性规律基本相同,即与矿渣水泥相容性较好,而与普通硅酸盐水泥相容性较差;多羧酸系高效减水剂适宜的使用温度为10～30℃。     

Photocatalytic degradation rate of oxalic acid on the semiconductive layer of n-TiO2 particles in the batch mode plate reactor Part I: Mass transfer limits

Organic compounds dissolved in water can be decomposed on a layer of n-TiO2 particles irradiated by u.v. light, which generates holes and electrons in the TiO2 material. Dissolved oxygen was used as electron scavenger and holes reacted with water to give OH radicals. The rate of degradation of the dissolved organic compounds by OH radicals is limited by the transfer of either oxygen or of theorganic compounds to the surface of n-TiO2 particles. The consequence of these limits is that, in the batch mode reactor with recirculation of the liquid, the dependence of the concentration of an organic compound on time has either a linear or an exponential form. Experiments with decomposition of oxalic acid in aqueous solutions using a plate reactor (60 cm × 120 cm) confirmed the analysis. Equations for evaluation of the mass transfer coefficient of the dissolved species to the surface of the plate reactor with a moving liquid fil m were developed for the case of the thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer being thinner than the thickness of the liquid. The experimentally obtained decomposition rate of oxalic acid was about 60 to 80% of the theoretical decomposition rate limited by oxygen flux through the film of a moving liquid. The present theory neglects the diffusion of oxygen into the porous layer of n-TiO2.     

Adsorption of benzoic acid by CTAB exchanged montmorillonite

This paper reports the adsorption of benzoic acid from water on cetyl trimethylammonium exchanged montmorillonite (CTAB-montmorillonite). Important factors are the adsorbent concentration, ionic strength, equilibrium time and pH. The largest adsorption is at pH 9. The adsorption kinetics data fitted the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms at different pH were linear indicating a partition mechanism. Up to about 61% of the dissolved benzoic acid was adsorbed by CTAB-montmorillonite. These results indicate that CTAB-montmorillonite is a potential adsorbent for benzoic acid.     

双酚酸合成及应用研究进展

利用乙酰丙酸和苯酚缩合反应制取双酚酸.本文介绍了其合成工艺进展及在环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯、水溶性树脂、超支化聚酯生产中的应用.最后展望了双酚酸生产工艺的发展前景,同时对我国双酚酸的研究与开发提出了建议.     

Partial acidulation of an ‘unground’ phosphate rock: II. Plant availability of phosphate

Four greenhouse experiments were conducted using three soils to determine the availability to plants of P from unground North Carolina phosphate rock (PR) treated with 20% to 50% of the H₃PO₄ required for complete acidulation. The influences of soil P retention, P status, the method of preparation of partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and the granule size of the products were investigated. Perennial ryegrass was grown as the test plant for up to 8 months. Triple superphosphate (TSP) was used as the standard fertilizer and unground North Carolina rock was included for comparison.The dry matter yield and P uptake response curves showed that in all experiments PAPRs were markedly superior to the PR. P status of soils appeared to influence the effectiveness of PAPRs to a greater extent than P retention. In soils of low P status the degree of acidulation required for PAPR to be nearly or as effective as TSP was 50% whereas in a soil of high P status even 30% PAPR applied as a maintenance fertilizer was effective. There was a significant positive correlation between water soluble P of fertilizers and P uptake by ryegrass. However, in general PAPRs were more effective per unit of water soluble P than TSP. Granule size (< 1 mm and 1–2 mm) and method of preparation of PAPRs did not alter the effectiveness of PAPRs.     

N－氰基乙亚胺酸乙酯含量的气相色谱分析

采用GC-900气相色谱仪、3%PEG-12000/Chromosorb880AWDMCS填充柱和FID检测器,以水杨酸甲酯为内标物测定N-氰基乙亚胺酸乙酯含量,回收率在98.5%—101.8%之间,标准偏差为0.27%,变异系数为0.27%。