2060-T8E30铝锂合金的热变形行为及本构模型研究

利用Sans CMT4104型电子万能实验机进行等温恒应变速率热拉伸试验,研究了2060-T8E30铝锂合金在变形温度425~500 ℃、应变速率0.001~0.1 s_^-1条件下的热变形行为。结果表明：2060-T8E30铝锂合金在热变形过程中,随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,其峰值应力降低。合金的平均变形激活能为240.502 kJ/mol,平均应变速率敏感指数为0.28。基于热拉伸试验的真应力-真应变曲线,建立了具有应变补偿的Arrhenius本构方程,模型的预测值与实验值平均相对误差5.89%,模型的精确度较好。     

Microstructural evolution,flow stress and constitutive modeling of Al−1.88Mg−0.18Sc−0.084Er alloy during hot compression

To explore the hot compression behavior and microstructural evolution, fine-grained Al?1.88Mg?0.18Sc? 0.084Er (wt.%) aluminum alloy wires were fabricated with Castex (continuous casting?extrusion) and ECAP-Conform, and their hot compression behavior was investigated at temperatures of 673?793 K and strain rates of 0.001?10 s^?1; the microstructures were characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, and electron backscattered diffractometer, and the flow stresses were obtained by thermal compression simulator. Microstructural evolution and flow curves reveal that dynamic recovery is the dominant softening mechanism. Continuous dynamic recrystallization followed by dynamic grain growth takes place at a temperature of 773 K and a strain rate of 0.001 s^?1; the yielding drop phenomenon was discovered. Hyperbolic sine constitutive equation incorporating dislocation variables was presented, and a power law constitutive equation was established. The stress exponent is 3.262, and the activation energy for deformation is 154.465 kJ/mol, indicating that dislocation viscous glide is the dominant deformation mechanism.     

纯铂的热塑性变形行为及微观结构演变规律研究

用热模拟试验机研究了纯铂在真应变量为0.9、变形温度为550℃～950℃和应变速率为0.01～1 s~(-1)的热塑性变形行为,并对热压缩后的样品进行了金相观察和显微硬度测量。结果表明,纯铂的流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低;其热压缩变形过程中软化行为由变形温度和变形速率共同作用决定,一般以动态回复为主,而在低应变速率和高形变温度下以动态再结晶为主,动态再结晶发生造成的软化使纯铂样品的硬度迅速下降。利用Zener-Hollomon参数方程获得了热塑性变形流变应力本构方程,得到纯铂的热变形激活能为208.51 kJ/mol,流变应力拟合公式计算值与实验值的平均误差为5.9%。     

A Model-trajectory-based Method for Analyzing the Time-varying Oscillation Characteristics of a Fault System

Due to the impossibility for the equilibrium-point eigenvalue method to reflect the oscillation characteristic of the fault system correctly, and the difficulty in choosing the window length using a trajectory eigenvalue method, a model-trajectory method is proposed to analyze the eigenvalue of a fault system. First, the system is equated by the mutual factor after fault clearance. Then the branch current and power of the post-fault system is calculated by the branch current of the original and the fault component network, respectively. Furthermore, the equivalent model of the system is built and linearized at each measuring point. By combining the linearized model with the actual disturbed trajectory, the time series of the eigenvalue of the fault system is calculated. Simulation results of 2-generator system and a 16-generator system illustrate that the model-trajectory method is able to describe the time-varying oscillation characteristic of a fault system effectively and accurately.     

混合型多电平变流器桥臂电容电压平衡的原理与控制

混合式多电平变流器(HMC)能够实现有功无功独立控制,在直流侧发生故障时,交流侧电流仍然可控,这对于构成直流电网有重要意义。文中研究了HMC的电压合成方法以及在静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)模式下和高压直流(HVDC)模式下的能量平衡原理。基于能量平衡的原理,提出了STATCOM模式下和HVDC模式下桥臂电容稳压控制方法,并提出了HVDC模式下桥臂电容稳压的具体实现方法。为了验证所提出的能量平衡原理及控制策略,根据仿真算例所提供的参数,搭建了端对端直流输电的PSCAD仿真模型,对HMC的启动充电、解锁、有功渐变和直流故障过程进行了仿真。仿真结果显示,HMC能够实现有功无功独立控制,能够隔离直流侧故障,所提出的能量平衡原理与控制方法能够实现桥臂电容的稳压控制。     

逆变型微网状态空间方程的分析与建立

通过对逆变型微网中逆变型分布式电源、滤波环节、等效线路等的惯性时间常数和系统特征值分析,提出了不同电压等级微网可以采用不同状态空间方程进行微网小信号稳定性分析。对400V母线的逆变型微网,其电网络方程应采用稳态方程;对10kV母线及以上电压等级的逆变型微网,其电网络方程应采用微分方程。系统特征值分析和时域仿真证明了该结论的正确性。     

含多微源的微电网离网运行小信号稳定性分析

建立含同步发电机和逆变器微源接口的微电网小信号分析模型。各微源接口首先在本地坐标系上建模,模型忽略同步发电机定子磁链和逆变器电流环等快速动态过程,然后通过网络方程将微源接口和负荷变换到统一旋转坐标轴,最后线性化得到微电网小信号分析模型。利用模型分析微电网离网运行时电压源换流器分别采用PQ下垂控制和PV下垂控制策略时同步机网络参数及控制器参数变化对微电网稳定性和动态特性的影响。采用MATLAB/Simulink构建时域仿真模型进行仿真研究,验证了所建模型的可行性。     

Trajectory modeling of gas–liquid flow in microchannels with stochastic differential equation and optical measurement

The numbering‐up of microchannel reactors definitely faces great challenge in uniformly distributing fluid flow in every channel, especially for multiphase systems. A model of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) is proposed based on the experimental data recorded by a long‐term optical measurement to well quantify the stochastic trajectories of gas bubbles and liquid slugs in parallel microchannels interconnected with two dichotomic distributors. The expectation and variance of each subflow rate are derived explicitly from the SDEs associated with the Fokker–Planck equation and solved numerically. A bifurcation in the trajectory is found using the original model, then a modification on interactions of feedback and crosstalk is introduced, the evolutions of subflow rates calculated by the modified model match well with experimental results. The established methodology is helpful for characterizing the flow uniformity and numbering‐up the microchannel reactors of multiphase system. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4028–4034, 2015