无人机机载测控设备统一帧结构研究

提出了飞控计算机与测控系统之间接口的统一帧结构设计新的方法和思路,初步建立了完备的格式化通信信息集。对帧结构进行动态配置,使帧结构具有通用化功能和可操作性。探讨了帧结构校验方法,使之具有检/纠错功能。理论分析表明,新的统一帧结构设计能够有效提高无人机测控系统机载设备的通用化。     

Ram‐air kite airfoil and reinforcements optimization for airborne wind energy applications

We present a multidisciplinary design optimization method for the profile and structural reinforcement layout of a ram‐air kite rib. The aim is to minimize the structural elastic energy and to maximize the traction power of a ram‐air kite used for airborne wind energy generation. Because of the large deformations occurring during flight, a fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) routine is included in the optimization, which determines the actual deformed rib geometry and its corresponding aerodynamic characteristics. A qualitative comparison between FSI inclusion and exclusion in the optimization is given. Discrepancies in airfoil profile and structural layout are observed.     

Distribution and identification of culturable airborne microorganisms in a Swiss milk processing facility

Airborne communities (mainly bacteria) were sampled and characterized (concentration levels and diversity) at 1 outdoor and 6 indoor sites within a Swiss dairy production facility. Air samples were collected on 2 sampling dates in different seasons, one in February and one in July 2012 using impaction bioaerosol samplers. After cultivation, isolates were identified by mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight) and molecular (sequencing of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes) methods. In general, total airborne particle loads and total bacterial counts were higher in winter than in summer, but remained constant within each indoor sampling site at both sampling times (February and July). Bacterial numbers were generally very low (<100 cfu/m³ of air) during the different steps of milk powder production. Elevated bacterial concentrations (with mean values of 391 ± 142 and 179 ± 33 cfu/m³ of air during winter and summer sampling, respectively; n = 15) occurred mainly in the “logistics area,” where products in closed tins are packed in secondary packaging material and prepared for shipping. However, total bacterial counts at the outdoor site varied, with a 5- to 6-fold higher concentration observed in winter compared with summer. Twenty-five gram-positive and gram-negative genera were identified as part of the airborne microflora, with Bacillus and Staphylococcus being the most frequent genera identified. Overall, the culturable microflora community showed a composition typical and representative for the specific location. Bacterial counts were highly correlated with total airborne particles in the size range 1 to 5 µm, indicating that a simple surveillance system based upon counting of airborne particles could be implemented. The data generated in this study could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the dairy plant’s sanitation program and to identify potential sources of airborne contamination, resulting in increased food safety.     

机载光测设备过顶跟踪方法

在分析了地平式跟踪架、双轴式跟踪架优缺点基础上,本文论述了一种基于机载光测设备的过顶跟踪技术,它结合了地平式跟踪架、双轴式跟踪架的优点,能够对过顶盲区的目标进行有效的跟踪。外场试验表明,该跟踪方法简单,跟踪精度3′,满足技术指标要求。     

基于空时联合约束的机载雷达STAP单脉冲角度估计方法

对现有STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)单脉冲角度估计方法存在单脉冲比失真及目标多普勒失配时角度估计性能严重下降的问题,本文从数学上分析了常规STAP单脉冲方法的失效机理,并基于机载雷达杂波的空时耦合特性,将差波束约束条件扩展到空时二维空间,提出了基于空时联合约束的STAP单脉冲角度估计方法,将单脉冲曲线延伸为单脉冲曲面,通过空时联合约束显著提高了目标角度估计的精度和稳健性.计算机仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

机载网络MAC协议研究综述

随着航空通信应用的不断深化、无线自组织网络研究的迅猛发展,机载网络介质访问控制（MAC）协议的研究已成为新的研究热点。首先总结和分析了机载网络MAC协议设计的应用需求,进而重点从信道接入方式角度综述了机载网络的基于竞争类MAC协议、基于调度类MAC协议、混合类MAC协议和跨层协议设计等四类MAC协议的研究进展,最后对比分析了各类典型协议的特点、性能和适用范围,并给出了需要进一步重点研究的问题,以期为从事该方面研究的人员提供参考。     

基于扰动观测器的机载云台扰动复合补偿方法

针对多旋翼无人机(mUAV)机载云台的扰动补 偿需求,提出一种基于改进的扰动观测器(IDO,improved disturbance observer)的伺服控 制器与减振装 置相结合的复合补偿方法。深入分析了IDO的扰动补偿能力和鲁棒性,构建 了基于IDO的云 台伺服控制结构;依据mUAV机载云台的振动特性,设计出减振装置的结构参数 及安装位置。飞行实验表明, 引入复合补偿方法后,视轴(LOS)指向误差减小到了0.03°,振动隔 离度提高了约15dB。复合补偿方法有效地补偿了机载云 台的扰动,完全满足了mUAV机载云台扰动补偿的需求。     

机载预警雷达七十年发展回顾与展望

回顾了机载预警雷达自1945 年以来的发展历程,并以任务适应、环境适应和平台适应为主线,将其划分为三个阶段。然后,结合未来预警机必须满足的军事需求,阐述了发展中的机载预警雷达可能具备的“宽频带、一体化、智能化和网络化冶的技术特征。总体而言,未来机载预警雷达将进一步改善对任务、环境和安装平台的适应性,概念进一步拓展,在打击链中的作用将不断向后延伸,与系统和体系的交联也将更加紧密,从而为形成基于信息系统的体系作战能力作出更多贡献。     

L波段机载收发信机设计

针对机载设备体积小、重量轻、功耗小等要求,采用射频电路小型一体化技术、高效率功率放大器技术、集成化快速AGC技术等,设计了一种L波段收发分时工作体制的收发信机。该收发信机外形尺寸为65 mm×65 mm×20 mm,重量仅130 g,功耗＜6 W。其发射通道输出功率≥6 W,三阶互调≤-18 dBc;接收通道增益达到85 dB,噪声系数≤3.0 dB,动态范围≥65 dB。通过飞行试验验证,收发信机性能稳定,具有较强的实用性。