Spidermen Strategy for Stable 24% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

The interface energetics-modification plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) among the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Considering the low carrier mobility caused by defects in PSCs, a double-layer modification engineering strategy is adopted to introduce the “spiderman” NOBF₄ (nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate) between tin dioxide (SnO₂ and perovskite layers. NO⁺, as the interfacial bonding layer, can passivate the oxygen vacancy in SnO₂, while BF₄⁻ can optimize the defects in the bulk of perovskite. This conclusion is confirmed by theoretical calculation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synergistic effect of NO⁺ and BF₄⁻ distinctly heightens the carrier extraction efficiency, and the PCE of PSCs is 24.04% with a fill factor (FF) of 82.98% and long-term stability. This study underlines the effectiveness of multifunctional additives in improving interface contact and enhancing PCE of PSCs.     

FSE2R: An Improved Collision-Avoidance-based Energy Efficient Route Selection Protocol in USN

The 3D Underwater Sensor Network (USNs) has become the most optimistic medium for tracking and monitoring underwater environment. Energy and collision are two most critical factors in USNs for both sparse and dense regions. Due to harsh ocean environment, it is a challenge to design a reliable energy efficient with collision free protocol. Diversity in link qualities may cause collision and frequent communication lead to energy loss; that effects the network performance. To overcome these challenges a novel protocol Forwarder Selection Energy Efficient Routing (FSE2R) is proposed. Our proposal’s key idea is based on computation of node distance from the sink, Residual Energy (RE) of each node and Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR). The node distance from sink and RE is computed for reliable forwarder node selection and SINR is used for analysis of collision. The novel proposal compares with existing protocols like H2AB, DEEP, and E2LR to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption. The comparative analysis shows that FSE2R gives on an average 30% less energy consumption, 24.62% better PDR and 48.31% less end-to-end delay compared to other protocols.     

面向软件供应链的异常分析方法综述

软件在国民经济的各个领域占据越来越重要的地位.万物互联的大背景下,信息之间的交互、分析、协同变得越来越普遍,程序/软件之间的依赖关系逐渐增多,这使得人们对系统可靠性和健壮性提出了更高的要求.由开源组件和第三方组件构成的软件供应链,其所面临的安全问题近年来成为了学术界和工业界共同关注的焦点.库函数作为开源软件的重要组成部分,与软件供应链安全有着密切的联系.为了提高软件开发效率,软件库或应用程序编程接口(API)在程序编写过程中会被频繁使用,但库函数中存在的错误或漏洞可能会被攻击者利用,从而损害软件供应链安全.这些错误或漏洞往往与库函数中存在的异常有关,因此本文对适用于库函数的异常分析方法从精度和效率两方面分别进行总结归纳,对于每种异常分析方法的基本思想和重要过程进行阐述,并针对库函数异常分析面临的挑战给出了初步解决思路.对软件供应链中的库函数进行异常分析有助于增强软件系统的健壮性,进而保障软件供应链的安全.     

Indirect Exciton–Phonon Dynamics in MoS2 Revealed by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction

Transition metal dichalcogenides layered nano-crystals are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic and quantum devices. In such systems, the interaction between excitonic states and atomic vibrations is crucial for many fundamental properties, such as carrier mobilities, quantum coherence loss, and heat dissipation. In particular, to fully exploit their valley-selective excitations, one has to understand the many-body exciton physics of zone-edge states. So far, theoretical and experimental studies have mainly focused on the exciton–phonon dynamics in high-energy direct excitons involving zone-center phonons. Here, ultrafast electron diffraction and ab initio calculations are used to investigate the many-body structural dynamics following nearly- resonant excitation of low-energy indirect excitons in MoS₂. By exploiting the large momentum carried by scattered electrons, the excitation of in-plane K- and Q- phonon modes are identified with 𝑬^′ symmetry as key for the stabilization of indirect excitons generated via near-infrared light at 1.55 eV, and light is shed on the role of phonon anharmonicity and the ensuing structural evolution of the MoS₂ crystal lattice. The results highlight the strong selectivity of phononic excitations directly associated with the specific indirect- exciton nature of the wavelength-dependent electronic transitions triggered in the system.     

ESPAR array design for the UHF RFID wireless sensor communication system

In this paper, in order to improve the received signal strength (RSS) and signal quality, three arrays of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas are suggested for the ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) communication and sensing system applications. Instead of the single antenna, the array antennas have recently been widely used in many communication systems because of their peak gains, better radiation patterns, and higher radiation efficiency. Also, there are some important issues to use the antenna array like high data rates in wireless communication systems and to better understand the many targets or sensors. In this article, a wireless sensor network (WSN) is being investigated to overcome multipath fading and interference by antenna nulling technology that can be achieved through beam control ESPAR array antennas. The proposed ESPAR array antennas exhibit higher gains like 9.63, 10.2, and 12 dBi and proper radiation patterns from one array to another. Moreover, we investigate the mutual coupling effect on the performance of array antennas with different spacing (0.5λ, 0.75λ, λ) and configurations. It is found that the worst mutual coupling reduced by −28 to −34 dB for 2 × 2 array, −3 to −43 dB for 2 × 3 array, and finally −42 dB to −51 dB due to the antenna spacing from 0.5λ to λ. Thus, these suggested antennas could effectively be applied in the WSN communication systems, internet of things (IoT) networks, and massive wireless and backscatter communication systems.     

基于高维纠缠态的量子密钥分发协议

为了提高量子密钥分发的效率和安全性,利用高维Hilbert空间中的Bell态和Hadamard门设计了一种量子密钥分发协议。首先通过量子态的动态演变验证了三维Bell纠缠态在Z基和X基下具有不同的表示特性,然后以此为基础进行协议设计,其中利用Z基测量来检测窃听,利用X基测量来产生密钥。安全性分析表明,该协议可以抵抗截获重发、纠缠附加粒子和特洛伊木马三种常见的攻击。最后将协议与其他方案进行了比较,该协议在保证量子比特效率50%的基础上,安全性也有所提升。     

考虑电网阻抗耦合的模块化多电平换流器交直流侧阻抗通用计算方法

以模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)为技术路线的柔性直流输电技术在风电接入、电网异步互联等领域迅速发展。MMC的阻抗建模是分析柔性直流输电系统振荡起源的重要依据。文中分析MMC在交、直流侧激励下的谐波传递机制,建立一种适用于交、直流侧阻抗计算的通用方法。对一次系统频域建模关联了MMC所连接的交、直流侧网络阻抗,并考虑包含解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环及负序内环控制在内的全部控制模块。通过求解线性方程组对MMC阻抗进行计算,并在PSCAD/EMTDC环境中对双端背靠背MMC系统在多种工况下1～5kHz频段内进行扫频,验证该方法的准确性,并详细分析网络阻抗耦合、控制链路延时、功率等级、负序内环和外环控制等因素对MMC阻抗的影响。     

基于傅里叶级数解析热扩散角的功率模块热阻抗物理模型

绝缘栅双极型晶体管功率模块失效主要由温度因素诱发。为提高功率模块可靠性,RC热阻抗模型被提出用于实时预测芯片结温。随着功率密度的提高,模块横向扩散愈发明显,多芯片热耦合效应愈加突出,导致传统RC模型会引入较大误差。文中针对RC模型精准度不足进行改进,揭示热扩散角取决于热流密度的物理内涵,结合多层封装结构下的傅里叶级数解析热流模型,建立一维RC热网络与三维热流物理场的本质联系,构造计及多芯片热路耦合的扩散角热网络,较为准确地描述多芯片结温动态特性,揭示热扩散与热耦合效应对芯片温度场形成的规律。与其他传统热扩散角模型相比,所提出方法的结温计算结果准确度最高。最后以型号SEMi X603GB12E4p模块为例,针对提出的物理模型进行验证,仿真与实验结果均表明,该模型能够表征不同工况条件下功率模块的热过程,验证了所提建模方法的有效性与准确性,误差小于4%,且验证了所提模型较不计及热耦合模型精度提高了16.72%。     

信息系统性能效率评估方法

针对当前信息系统性能效率评估模型简单、评估结果具有随机性和模糊性的问题,给出一种信息系统性能效率评估方法;分析并绘制信息系统性能效率执行框架图,构建评估指标,应用改进的功效系数法从多层级角度归一化评估指标的评分,基于权重间的对比性和冲突性,构建综合多位专家主观权重和客观权重的多权重组合赋权法,既克服单一专家的主观偏向性,又综合考量主客观权重优点,并采用云模型结合组合赋权权重以自然语言描述性能效率综合评估结果,克服综合评估的模糊性与随机性;最后,将该方法应用于某大型CRM信息系统,结果表明该CRM系统综合评估等级为适中性能,基本满足性能效率的要求,该结果与预案评审结果一致,验证了该方法在性能效率评估中的有效性和适用性。     

数据中心综合能源系统优化运行研究综述

作为数字基础设施的重要载体,数据中心的数量和规模不断增长,导致系统能源消耗与日俱增,运行成本成倍上升。而综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)是以电力系统为核心,涵盖供电/气/冷/热等能源产供销一体化的复杂系统,其优化运行可实现对多种能源的综合管理和经济调度,采用IES替代数据中心的供能系统将是降低数据中心运行成本的有效方案。目前对IES的典型架构尚未明确定义,对基于数据中心的IES优化运行问题鲜有研究。首先介绍了IES以及基于数据中心的IES典型物理框架;其次分析了系统中耦合型运行设备的物理模型和能源集线器(energy hub, EH)及其扩展模型在系统中的应用;在此基础上,总结和梳理了国内外IES及基于数据中心的IES的优化运行现状,并提出了基于数据中心的多能源输入-多能源耦合-多能源输出的运行方式;最后,对基于数据中心的IES中能源不确定性及负荷预测、能源动态建模、优化调度策略及效益评价等重点发展方向和潜在的可研究内容进行了展望,以期为未来相关的项目落地、仿真研发等提供参考和借鉴。