pHEMA: An Overview for Biomedical Applications

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) as a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and cytocompatibility elicits a minimal immunological response from host tissue making it desirable for different biomedical applications. This article seeks to provide an in-depth overview of the properties and biomedical applications of pHEMA for bone tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer therapy (stimuli and non-stimuli responsive systems), and ophthalmic applications (contact lenses and ocular drug delivery). As this polymer has been widely applied in ophthalmic applications, a specific consideration has been devoted to this field. Pure pHEMA does not possess antimicrobial properties and the site where the biomedical device is employed may be susceptible to microbial infections. Therefore, antimicrobial strategies such as the use of silver nanoparticles, antibiotics, and antimicrobial agents can be utilized to protect against infections. Therefore, the antimicrobial strategies besides the drug delivery applications of pHEMA were covered. With continuous research and advancement in science and technology, the outlook of pHEMA is promising as it will most certainly be utilized in more biomedical applications in the near future. The aim of this review was to bring together state-of-the-art research on pHEMA and their applications.     

LF软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢氧化物夹杂控制影响

 对于一些采用硅锰脱氧冶炼工艺的特殊钢,为保证钢水洁净度,常会选择较长时间的LF软吹处理,导致过程能耗增加。通过工业试验,借助FEI Explorer 4自动扫描电镜检测,研究不同LF精炼软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr铸坯氧化物夹杂成分、数量的影响;并采用夹杂物极值统计法,对比评价不同LF精炼软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸控制情况。结果表明,在LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min 两种工艺条件下,铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂成分接近,均在CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃相图中假硅灰石、钙长石和钙铝黄长石共晶低熔点区,其中软吹10 min工艺铸坯氧化物夹杂组成落入低熔点区的数量所占比例更大。LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为11.70个/100 mm2和14.59个/100 mm2,尺寸大于15 μm 的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为0.53个/100 mm2和1.65个/100 mm2,LF软吹10 min工艺铸坯大尺寸氧化物夹杂数量密度略低于LF软吹40 min工艺。当预测面积为30 000 mm2时,两种LF软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸分别为27.1 μm和28.1 μm,盘条最大夹杂物尺寸控制无显著差别。结合硅锰脱氧钢中大尺寸低熔点CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系夹杂物主要源自钢包渣乳化卷入,具有与钢水和氩气泡界面接触角很小、难以通过吹氩上浮去除的特点,建议硅锰脱氧钢LF软吹过程按短时间快节奏进行控制。     

钙处理时机对LF-RH精炼过程Al2O3基夹杂物的影响

为研究LF-RH精炼工艺生产Q690钢时不同钙处理时机下夹杂物特征的变化,开展工业试验对RH精炼前后钙处理炉次取样进行定量分析对比。钙处理后夹杂物中CaO质量分数持续增加,CaS质量分数瞬态增加,夹杂物熔点降低。RH精炼前钙处理炉次中,RH精炼过程夹杂物的成分接近低熔点区,结束时夹杂物数量密度和面积分数分别为15个/mm2和0.01%。RH精炼后钙处理炉次中,RH精炼过程夹杂物依旧为高熔点Al₂O₃-MgO类型,结束时夹杂物数量密度和面积分数分别降至1个/mm2和0.002 5%。RH精炼前钙处理会使RH精炼过程夹杂物熔点以及夹杂物与钢液间的接触角降低,导致夹杂物去除驱动力降低,从而抑制夹杂物的去除。因此LF-RH精炼工艺生产铝脱氧钢时,为提高精炼过程钢中非金属夹杂物的去除效率,应在RH精炼后进行钙处理操作。     

反向推理在模具设计改进中的应用

通过对螺纹嵌件的工艺分析,针对模具设计中存在的问题,提出了反向推理的解决方法,并有针对性地设计出了弹性接触的模具结构.通过对螺纹嵌件的工艺改进和弹性接触的结构应用,成功地解决了螺纹嵌件孔内进料、螺纹孔通规不通的问题.不仅保证了产品质量,实现了自动脱模,同时也最大限度地节约了成本.     

用圆柱铣刀加工带冠弯扭叶片

本文把微分几何中曲线与曲面之间的“切触”概念应用于叶片复杂曲面的数控加工，提出用圆柱铣刀的外圆在五坐标联动中加工小曲率曲面的最佳切触条件。     

Dressing of filigree fine-grained metal bonded grinding wheels

Metal bonded grinding tools offer a remarkable potential for micro grinding because of their favorable wear behavior. However, metal bonded grinding tools, especially dicing blades, are hard to dress by conventional dressing methods. Electro contact discharge dressing, which is presented in this paper, is a numerically controlled dressing process offering the possibility to create the geometry and topography of the grinding wheel simultaneously at negligible dressing forces. The power of an electric circuit thermally removes the metal bond of the grinding wheel during the dressing process. The quality of the created profiles and the influence of the dressing parameters on the specific material removal rate of the grinding tool as well as the wear of the electrode are investigated at fine-grained grinding wheels.     

固液挤压下陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料组织特点及其形成机制

本文使用接触反应法制备ＴｉＣｐ／ＬＹ１２复合材料熔体，然后经固液挤压直接制取复合板材与棒材。使用背散射扫描电镜对Ｔ６处理后的复合板材组织特点进行观察，揭示了颗粒的分布特征、基体组织特点及其成因。     

闭式叶盘叶身加工切触点规划算法研究与实现

闭式整体叶盘是现代高推重比航空发动机采用的新结构。在对闭式整体叶盘叶身造型方法分析的基础上，提出基于叶片防扭曲高质量造型的等误差切触点规划算法，详细描述了算法中边界参数点确定、切削行参数划分、走刀步长确定和型值点网格化四个步骤，给出了该算法的在UGCAD系统中的实现及工程应用实例。实践证明，该算法可以保证加工质量、提高加工效率、节省系统资源，具有较强的工程实践意义。     

金属薄膜结合性能的评价方法研究

针对Al2O3基体上磁控溅射沉积的Au／NiCr／Ta多层金属薄膜，用压痕法、滚动接触疲劳法、摩擦力和声发射两种模式同时监测的划痕法，对比研究了金属薄膜与基体的结合性能。结果表明：压痕试验从压痕形貌上很难判断薄膜与基体是否发生剥离，压入过程中也没有诱发裂纹的产生，更无法分辨薄膜层间的分离；由于金属薄膜的塑性变形，滚动接触疲劳法很难应用于金属薄膜结合性能的表征：划痕法可应用于多层金属薄膜的特异划擦行为研究，其中摩擦力模式能反映压头进入不同金属膜层时的变化，层间声发射信号的灵敏度不如摩擦力信号，对应试验条件，摩擦力曲线存在若干以拐点为特征的载荷，摩擦力曲线上出现的拐点及拐点特征载荷值可以在一定程度上反映多层膜的层数和层厚，并可刻划出该膜／基体系承受压入载荷而不发生剥落的能力。