Reliability of dynamic systems in random environment by extreme value theory

A practical method is developed for estimating the performance of highly reliable dynamic systems in random environment. The method uses concepts of univariate extreme value theory and a relatively small set of simulated samples of system states. Generalized extreme value distributions are fitted to state observations and used to extrapolate Monte Carlo estimates of reliability and failure probability beyond data. There is no need to postulate functional forms of extreme value distributions since they are selected by the estimation procedure. Our approach can be viewed as an alternative implementation of the method in [7] for estimating system reliability. Numerical examples involving Gaussian and non-Gaussian system states are used to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method and assess its accuracy.     

基于样条插值的爆破振动时域波形预测方法

针对现有的爆破振动预测方法存在工程现场适用性差,不易于应用,无法准确预测完整的爆破振动信号在爆破时间段内的振动历程等问题,提出了一种基于样条插值的爆破振动预测方法。通过爆破中质点峰值速度、炸药量与爆心距的关系式,建立监测波形与预测波形的关系,对实测数据波形时域部分进行三次样条插值得到插值函数和预测目标点波形。通过实验和工程实践对该方法进行验证,并与传统的爆破振动预测方法进行质点峰值速度比对,结果表明:该爆破振动预测方法能够完整且较好地预测振动信号在爆破时间段内的振动历程,预测效果优于传统的爆破振动预测方法。     

Auto-parametric semi-trivial and post-critical response of a spherical pendulum damper

The pendulum vibration damper modelled as a two degree of freedom strongly non-linear auto-parametric system is investigated. A kinematic external excitation in the suspension point is applied. The excitation is considered to be horizontal and harmonically variable in time. A semi-trivial solution and its stability are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the resonance domain. In certain domains of pendulum and excitation parameters the semi-trivial solution does not exist in this domain and various post-critical three-dimensional regimes occur. Some of them are non-stationary despite the harmonic excitation. Three different types of the resonance domain are investigated. Their main properties depend significantly on dynamic parameters of the pendulum and of the external excitation amplitude. An analytical and numerical study brings forth several recommendations for designers of these devices. Their aim is to avoid any post-critical response regimes endangering the pendulum functionality.     

Implementation of ergonomic programs to reduce sick leave due to low back pain among nickel mining operators

Whole body vibration (WBV) has been recognized as a main risk factor for low back pain (LBP) in coal mining activities. Heavy equipment operators in nickel mining may be exposed to a higher LBP risk due to the land condition of the overburden overlying nickel deposits, which is less stable than that of coal deposits. This report summarizes the efforts of a nickel company in managing LBP complaints among mining operators. The programs included risk assessment and mitigation, musculoskeletal complaint management, LBP training, and macroergonomic intervention. These programs were integrated into the occupational health management system of the company. Within a 3-year period, a decrease in LBP-related sick leave was reported. The present report shows how ergonomic programs may help to manage LBP and could be extended to other musculoskeletal cases.     

横向补给高架索系统非平面振动数值研究

考虑高架索倾角、集中质量等因素的影响,建立了横向补给高架索系统的非平面运动的动力学模型。利用Galerkin方法对动力学方程进行3阶模态离散,得到了常微分形式的动力学控制方程。借助Mathematica软件,对系统的非平面振动进行了动力学响应分析,分析了高架索倾角、张力波动等因素对高架索动力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,张力波动对高架索动力学特性影响很大,它可以改变高架索的周期运动行为以及导致高架索振幅值的大范围波动。     

Experimental and numerical investigations for the free vibration of cantilever trapezoidal plates

Abstract

Based on the advantages of non‐contact and full field measurement, the optical technique called amplitude‐fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AFESPI) with an out‐of‐plane setup is employed to investigate the free vibration of cantilever trapezoidal plates with various taper ratios and sweep‐back angles. Twenty different plate configurations are analyzed, including triangular and trapezoidal plates, and the first seven vibration modes of each plate are measured. The AF‐ESPI method is very convenient for measuring vibrating objects because no contact is required in contrast to classical modal analysis using accelerometers. Based on the fact that clear fringe patterns will appear only in resonance, both resonant frequencies and corresponding mode shapes can be obtained experimentally using the present technique. Numerical calculations by finite element method are also performed and the results are compared with the experimental measurements. Excellent agreements are obtained for both results of resonant frequencies and mode shapes. The influences of taper ratios and sweep‐back angles on the vibration behavior of cantilever trapezoidal plates are also demonstrated in terms of the dimensionless frequency parameter.     

非线性振动系统非共振振动自同步特性

从理论计算、数值仿真和实验验证三个方面研究一类平面单质体非线性振动系统在非共振工作时的振动同步特性。首先,以反向回转双电机驱动的振动系统为研究对象,考虑其弹性元件的非线性因素,采用拉格朗日法建立其动力学模型;其次,基于Hamilton原理求出系统实现自同步的条件,利用一次近似判别法求出系统稳定同步运行的条件;然后,基于Matlab/Simulink软件,采用4阶龙格库塔法进行数值仿真,对理论推导的自同步条件及稳定性条件进行计算;最后,对一单质体振动样机进行实验测试。仿真结果表明,该非线性振动系统可以实现稳定的0相位自同步运动。通过理论计算结果、仿真结果以及实验结果的相互对比,验证该非线性振动系统同步特性理论的准确性。     

Evaluation of aspects affecting measurement of three-axis accelerometers

In order to set integrated procedures involving geotechnical and structural aspects finalized to buildings diagnostics, uncertainty aspects are discussed concerning three-axis accelerometers and inclinometers for a distributed sensor network. This network allows to operate in a selective manner, preferring the most critical situations. To this aim, the main aspects affecting the measurement uncertainty of sensors to be used for building diagnostic should be known. As the firstly step of the uncertainty evaluation procedure, we focused on the calibration of sensors used for the task. The requirement of low cost and complexity of sensors and test benches was considered. Experimental results show that satisfactory calibration accuracy could be achieved, also for the low frequency range, 0–10 Hz. Systematic errors are minimized and main parameters affecting uncertainty are identified, such as: the motion positioning of the accelerometer with respect to the vertical axis, the imposed motion law, the parameter used as the reference and, finally, the real radial positioning of the sensor. Requirements to be satisfied by the sensor are also analysed.     

基于ODS FRF某城际车工作状态下模态贡献分析

为研究某城际车工作状态下模态贡献问题，首先用激振器对该城际车进行了静态台架实验，利用LMS. Test. Lab软件识别其模态参数。然后对该城际列车进行线路实验，测试其不同速度级下的加速度振动响应。根据ODS FRF概念，给出了城际车在ODS FRF包络曲线峰值处的工作变形。最后根据模态叠加原理，得出不同速度级下，该城际车不同频率下工作变形主要由车体沉浮、车体点头及车体1阶垂弯贡献的结论。同时结果显示，不同速度级下，同一频率下工作变形可能由不同固有模态贡献；不同速度级下，同一工作变形频率可能会发生偏移。     

《剩余质量阵和剩余刚度阵的近似计算方法》

在模态综合法中，剩余质量阵和剩余刚度阵的计算通常依赖于子结构的质量阵和刚度阵，由于几乎不可能通过实验方法得到子结构的质量阵和刚度阵，因此很难将实验数据应用于理论模态综合法中。针对这一困难，通过分析剩余质量阵和刚度阵的表达式，推导出它们的近似计算公式，这一近似计算公式中不含质量阵和刚度阵，亦即不需要事先知道质量阵和刚度阵就可以计算剩余质量阵和剩余刚度阵，从而回避实验辨识质量阵和刚度阵这一极具挑战的动力学反问题，克服实验模态综合法应用中的困难。数值计算表明，所提的剩余质量阵和剩余刚度阵的近似计算方法切实可行，且模态综合结果具有较高的精度。