腐蚀介质条件下NiCrBSi/WC喷熔层的摩擦学性能研究

采用氧-乙炔火焰喷熔工艺,制备了碳化钨颗粒增强镍基合金喷熔层(NiCrBSi/WC),研究了它在腐蚀介质条件下的摩擦磨损行为与机理,并考察了载荷、滑动速度对其摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:NiCrBSi/WC具有良好的耐腐蚀磨损性能,且当WC含量为20%时,腐蚀磨损率最低;WC含量超过20%后,由于喷熔层存在“腐蚀原电池”效应,其腐蚀磨损率增大。NiCrBSi/WC的腐蚀磨损率随载荷增加而变大,随速度增大而减小。载荷的增加使喷熔层的犁削磨损加剧,导致摩擦系数和磨损率增大;速度的增大造成摩擦界面温度上升,可生成摩擦转移膜,从而降低了喷熔层的磨损率。     

Indentation fatigue of WC grains in WC–Co composite

Indentation fatigue of WC grains on basal and prismatic planes in WC–Co cemented carbide has been investigated using instrumented indentation at nano level and applied loads from 5 mN to 50 mN. The influence of indentation load and crystallographic orientation of WC grains has been studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used for the characterization of microstructure, orientation of WC grains, topography of indents and slip lines in WC grains. Significant influence of the crystallographic orientation of WC grains on the indentation fatigue has been found. The indentation depth increased with the increasing load more intensively during the fatigue test of the prismatic planes than the basal planes. This behavior is probably connected with the different slip and dislocation mechanisms during the indentation of basal and prismatic planes.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of thermally sprayed coating modified by laser remelting and injection with tungsten carbide

The forming quality of thermally sprayed coatings is often severely impacted by inherent defects, including porosity, microcracks, and mechanical bonding. The poor adhesive strength hinders the utilization of thermal spray technology when fabricating ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composite coatings (MMCCs). Thus, in this study, a negative defocus laser remelting and injection method (LRI) is introduced to modify a thermally sprayed coating with WC ceramics. The microstructure and mechanical property (microhardness, elastic modulus, and wear resistance) evolution of a LRI-modified WC reinforced composite coating is systematically characterized and compared with that for an as-sprayed coating. The LRI method is proven to improve the inherent defects of the initial coating and avoid severe reactions and dissolution of reinforced particles at high temperatures, and can be used to form a high-quality composite coating with a maximum strengthening effect of the ceramic particles. Compared with the initial coating, the elastic modulus and microhardness of the LRI coating are increased by 57.22% and 111.06%, respectively, whereas the abrasion rate is decreased by 54.33%.     

氧乙炔火焰喷焊镍基复合涂层的显微组织和腐蚀性能研究

目的 研究Ni60和Ni60WC喷焊涂层的显微组织、防腐和耐磨性能及其腐蚀机理,为恶劣工况下服役的零件选择合适的喷焊涂层提供参考.方法 采用氧乙炔火焰喷焊工艺在16Mn钢基体上制备Ni60和Ni60WC涂层,用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了喷焊涂层的相结构和显微组织,并采用电化学工作站、盐雾腐蚀试验机、磨粒磨损试验机测试了两种喷焊涂层的防腐和耐磨性能.结果 喷焊层与基体间都存在冶金结合层和热影响区,Ni60涂层的显微组织为NiCr固溶体基体上弥散分布着大量细小粒状和杆状碳化物和硼化物.Ni60WC喷焊涂层组织中,除了具有与Ni60涂层类似的基体相和细颗粒硬质相外,还较均匀地分布着不同尺寸的WC颗粒.Ni60和Ni60WC涂层的磨损率分别为16Mn钢的8.3％和2.3％,自腐蚀电流密度分别为16Mn钢的1.0％和7.6％.另外,基体相和硬质相之间的电偶腐蚀是两种镍基喷焊涂层的主要腐蚀机理.结论 这两种镍基喷焊涂层均能显著提高16Mn钢的抗磨和防腐性能,其中,Ni60喷焊涂层耐腐蚀性更好,Ni60WC喷焊涂层耐磨损性能更好.     

工艺参数对WC颗粒增强表层复合材料与钢基界面组织的影响

以45钢为基材,通过放电等离子烧结和铸造工艺成功制备了WC颗粒增强表层复合材料,研究不同浇铸工艺参数对表层WC/Fe复合材料与基材之间的界面结合及微观组织的影响。结果表明:随着浇铸量的增加,锭模的数值模拟温度可达1493 ℃,高温停留时间约734 s,为实现钢液与WC/Fe复合材料冶金结合提供有利条件,但是过高的浇铸量使WC/Fe复合材料的组织发生明显的变化,几乎观察不到WC增强相,组织出现大量鱼骨状碳化物Fe₃W₃C。当浇铸量控制在锭模体积的2/5时,可得到良好的WC/Fe复合材料与基材的宏观界面,界面反应产物Fe₃W₃C增加,但是增强颗粒仍保留了浇铸前的原始形貌。     

The effects of fine WC contents and temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of inhomogeneous WC-(fine WC-Co) cemented carbides

Inhomogeneous WC-(fine WC-Co) cemented carbides with improved hardness and toughness were successfully prepared through the addition of fine WC using planetary ball milling combined with sinter isostatic hot pressing (SHIP) technology. The inhomogeneous microstructure of the alloys consisted of coarsened WC grains and WC-Co consisting of fine WC dispersoids and Co binder phase. The increase of temperature and the addition of fine WC enhanced the sintering process. The morphologies of the coarsened WC and of the fine WC consisted of triangular and near-hexangular prisms, respectively. Due to crack path deflection and crack bridging, the prism-like coarsened WC crystals efficiently hindered cracks propagation. Intergranular fracture became predominant when adding fine WC. However, the excessively coarsened WC and some pores in alloys with 20 wt% fine WC could decrease the mechanical properties. The inhomogeneous WC-(fine WC-Co) cemented carbides with 10 wt% fine WC, sintered at 1430 °C for 40 min, could provide a combination of superior hardness and toughness.     

一步还原包裹粉工艺制备WC-Co超粗硬质合金

以费氏粒度为4.1μm的WC粉末和CoCl_2·6H_2O、(NH_4)_2C_2O_4·H_2O为原料,将钴粉制备过程与粉末混合过程相结合,一步还原制备WC-Co包裹粉,并以包裹粉为原料成功制备了WC-8%Co(质量分数)超粗硬质合金。借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、化学元素分析仪、力学试验机等分别对WC-Co复合粉末及硬质合金的微观形貌、物相组成和性能进行表征与分析。结果表明,一步还原法制备的WC-Co包裹粉末中,Co为fcc和hcp双相结构,Co相呈树枝状包裹在WC粉末表面。由该包裹粉制备的硬质合金组织结构均匀,综合性能优异,合金平均晶粒尺寸为8.9μm,密度14.63g·cm~(-3),硬度87.6HRA,抗弯强度2438 MPa,断裂韧性20.92 MPa·m~(1/2)。一步还原包裹粉工艺克服了传统湿磨工艺混料过程中WC粒度显著减小的问题,晶粒度可控性好,且工艺流程简单,有潜在的工业应用价值。     

Effect of WC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al-bonded cermets

The effect of WC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiC–Ni₃Al system cermets was investigated. Ni₃Al-bonded cermets showed a core–rim structure with carbide particle coupled with rim embedded in Ni₃Al binder. With WC content increasing, TiC grains were refined and the white rim became complete and got thicker gradually. Interface between core and rim showed a completely coherent relationship. The rim enriched in W constituted an ideal coherence between hard phase and Ni₃Al binder phase. With WC content increasing, the densification of cermets was enhanced, and hardness and TRS were increased firstly and then reduced, reaching peak values 90.9 HRA (HV₃₀ 15 GPa) and 1629 MPa, respectively in cermet N5 (25 wt% WC). Similarly, fracture toughness got a peak value (11.6 MPa m^1/2), at the composition with 20 wt% WC.     

WC含量对激光熔覆NiCrBSi-WC复合涂层显微结构及力学性能的影响

目的 为盾构、勘探及采矿等高载荷严苛磨损条件下的构件表面防护提供一种新的涂层方法。方法 以激光熔覆技术为手段,在NiCrBSi粉末中混入30%~80%（体积分数）的球形WC颗粒,用以制备NiCrBSi-WC复合涂层。研究了WC颗粒含量对涂层显微组织形成、硬度、断裂韧性和耐磨性的影响规律。采用SEM分析了涂层的显微组织;通过显微维氏硬度计测试涂层的硬度;通过压痕法测试涂层的断裂韧性;采用磨粒磨损试验表征涂层的耐磨性。结果 当WC颗粒体积分数低于60%时,熔融金属的黏度较低,密度更大的WC颗粒会沉淀,导致涂层表层的WC颗粒含量较低;当WC颗粒体积分数介于60%~80%时,WC颗粒在涂层内均匀分布,涂层内无气孔及裂纹等缺陷。当WC颗粒体积分数达到80%时,熔体黏度过大,使气体难以及时逸出,在涂层内形成大量气孔。随着WC体积分数由30%上升到80%时,涂层的平均硬度由67HRC提高到85HRC。涂层的断裂韧性随WC含量的提高,出现先升高后下降的反常现象。60%WC含量的复合涂层表现出最佳的耐磨性,比滚刀常用材料H13钢提高约9倍。结论 采用常规激光熔覆技术时,添加40%~60%范围内的硬质陶瓷颗粒,可获得硬质颗粒分布均匀且耐磨性与抗冲击性能优异的复合涂层。     

WC晶体结构特征对HVOF喷涂纳米结构WC-CoCr涂层组织及性能的影响

为提高纳米结构WC-CoCr涂层的综合力学性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）工艺制备纳米结构和超细结构WC-CoCr涂层。探讨了不同晶体特征的WC粉末对颗粒飞行和沉积变形过程的脱碳行为、涂层微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：含有高密度位错的超细WC粉末在喷涂过程中发生了严重的氧化脱碳,形成了大量的W₂C相,涂层孔隙率较大,断裂韧性显著降低。而含有显著孪晶的纳米WC颗粒具有抑制WC脱碳和增强涂层断裂韧性的作用,纳米结构涂层呈现低脱碳率、高致密性、高硬度和高断裂韧性的优良综合性能。