炭/石墨材料的成型工艺综述

由于炭/石墨材料在冶金、太阳能、核能、原子能、半导体、航空航天等领域的广泛应用,本文针对当前国内炭/石墨材料的成型方式,主要探讨挤压成型、模压成型和等静压成型,以及它们的技术特点.     

基于Aspen Plus软件的磨煤干燥过程模拟与分析

运用Aspen Plus软件对磨煤干燥过程进行模拟与分析,可以比较准确地知道CMD工段的燃料气、低低压氮气、助燃空气、稀释空气、电力等公用工程的消耗,优化干燥工艺流程,为工程设计和生产操作提供指导。     

潮湿褐煤干法分选实验研究

为提高空气重介质流化床对入料煤水分的适应性,以热气代替常温空气改善流化床对褐煤的分选效果。采用可能偏差Ep为评价指标,研究了热态空气重介质流化床的干燥温度、干燥时间和风量对褐煤分选效果的影响。结果表明:干燥温度为30~50℃时,干燥温度越高,Ep越低;干燥时间为1~5 min时,干燥时间越长,Ep越低,超过3 min后,Ep降低缓慢;风量为8~12 m3/h时,风量增大,Ep先降低后升高。煤样表面水分越高,干燥温度、干燥时间和风量变化对Ep影响越显著。表面水分1%的褐煤,干燥温度50℃、干燥时间5 min、风量10 m3/h时,褐煤分选效果最好,Ep可达到0.022g/cm3。实验证明热态空气重介质流化床可用于分选潮湿褐煤。     

Extraction of Phospholipids from Structured Dry Egg Yolk

Chicken egg yolk is a concentrated source of phospholipids (PL). Extracting egg PL with high efficiency is vital to the availability and economics of this high-valued lipid product. In this study, two types of structured dry egg yolk materials, yolk flakes and pellets, were prepared. Two commonly used solvents, hexane and ethanol, were tested on the extraction of total yolk lipids including the PL. The PL fraction was obtained by the conventional cold acetone precipitation. The drum-dried yolk flakes were shown to be an ideal starting material for total lipid and PL extraction. Anhydrous ethanol can extract almost all the neutral lipids and PL with little change to the individual components of the native PL. A PL product with a purity of more than 90 % and a yield of 99 % can be prepared using this method.     

基于模板热压法制备超疏水柱状结构表面

超疏水表面材料在生产生活中具有重要的应用价值,其制备的关键在于构建合适的表面微结构。以多孔阳极氧化铝表面为模板,高密度聚乙烯为压印热塑材料,进行常压工况下的热压印,制备出三维柱状结构表面,表面形貌规整有序,通过调节模板结构参数实现对柱状结构尺寸的精确调控。测试结果显示,制备的不同微结构尺寸的柱状结构表面接触角均在150°以上,具有优异的超疏水性能。     

An initial study on feasible treatment of Serbian lignite through utilization of low-rank coal upgrading technologies

Despite benefiting from vast fuel reserves, combustion of low-rank coals is commonly characterized by low thermal efficiency and high pollutant emissions, partly due to high moisture content of the coals in question. Thus, removal of moisture from low-rank coals is deemed an important quality upgrading method. The paper provides an overview of the current status of low-rank coal upgrading technologies, particularly with respect to utilization of drying and dewatering procedures. In order to examine the influence of relevant parameters on the moisture removal process, a model of convective coal drying in a packed, as well as in a fluid bed combustion arrangement, is developed and presented. Product-specific data (intraparticle mass transfer, gas–solid moisture equilibrium) related to the coal variety addressed herein (lignite) are obtained through preliminary investigations. Effective thermal conductivity of the packed bed as defined by Zehner/Bauer/Schlünder is used to define heat transfer mechanisms occurring in the packed bed. Similar two-phase fluidization model has been validated for different types of biomaterials.     

Erosion behavior of SiC–WC composites

Dense silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were prepared with 0, 10, 30 or 50 wt% WC particles by hot pressing powder mixtures of SiC, WC and oxide additives at 1800 °C for 1 h under a pressure of 40 MPa in an Ar atmosphere. Effects of alumina or SiC erodent particles and the WC content on the erosion performance of sintered SiC–WC composites were assessed. Microstructures of the sintered composites consisted of WC particles distributed in the equi-axed grain structure of SiC. Fracture surfaces showed a mixed mode of fracture, with a large extent of transgranular fracture observed in SiC ceramics prepared with 30 wt% WC. Crack bridging by WC enhanced toughening of the SiC ceramics. A maximum fracture toughness of 6.7 MPa*m^1/2 was observed for the SiC ceramics with 50 wt% WC, whereas a high hardness of 26 GPa was obtained for the SiC ceramics with 30 wt% WC. When eroded at normal incidence, two orders of magnitude less erosion occurred when SiC–WC composites were eroded by alumina particles than that eroded by SiC particles. The erosion rate of the composites increased with increasing angle of SiC particle impingement from 30° to 90°, and decreased with WC reinforcement up to 30 wt%. A minimum erosion wear rate of 6.6 mm³/kg was obtained for SiC–30 wt% WC composites. Effects of mechanical properties and microstructure on erosion of the sintered SiC–WC composites are discussed, and the dominant wear mechanisms are also elucidated.     

电子行业用聚酯热熔胶的制备及其性能研究

以玻璃化转变温度较低的共聚酯制备了聚酯热熔胶。研究结果表明:聚酯热熔胶对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚碳酸酯(PC)等极性塑料与金属材料具有良好的粘接性能,稳定后的剥离强度大于100N/25mm;同时,具有良好的耐老化性能及粘接持久性。聚酯热熔胶可取代国外产品用于电子行业用极性聚合物与金属材料粘接。     

Maximizing the Retention of Ganoderic Acids and Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Content of Ganoderma lucidum Using Two-Stage Dehydration Method

Ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum and are heat sensitive. Hence, it is crucial to apply a suitable drying method for the drying of G. lucidum to minimize the loss of these bioactive ingredients. In this study, a two-stage drying method was applied to enhance the drying kinetics, as well as the retention of both ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides in dried G. lucidum fruiting bodies and slices compared to other single-stage-dried products. The results showed that two-stage drying enhanced the overall drying rate, which consequently shortened the total drying time up to 61 and 330% for fruiting bodies and slices, respectively, compared to single-stage drying methods. Furthermore, two-stage drying of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, which involves 18-h vacuum drying followed by 5-h heat pump drying, maximized the retention of ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides, with the retention of 97.90% of water-soluble polysaccharides and 4.2% more ganoderic acids than freeze-dried products. On the other hand, drying of Ganoderma slices within the shortest total drying time, which is 10-min heat pump drying followed by 50-min oven drying, also retained most of the ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides in the dried products; that is, about 80% of water-soluble polysaccharides and 11% more ganoderic acids than freeze-dried slices.