大豆蛋白水解物物化特性的研究

本文就高变性豆粕水解产物——大豆多肽在不同环境条件下的物化特性进行了测定。结果表明,水解产物在水中的溶解度较之大豆分离蛋白有大幅度的提高,提高幅度达90%;水解产物的粘度较之大豆分离蛋白有所下降,且其粘度在一定pH范围内随pH降低而升高;木瓜蛋白酶酶解物的苦味阈值为0.410%,As1.398蛋白酶水解的苦味阈值为0.520%;水解产物的吸水值随pH的下降而升高,且木瓜蛋白酶水解物的粘度值与As1.398蛋白酶的酶解产物基本相同。     

异形改性涤纶织物结构设计及其吸放湿性能

由于涤纶本身不具有亲水基团,吸湿性差,造成其服装的穿着舒适性差,因此需要对涤纶进行改性以改进其舒适性。从涤纶纤维的形态结构设计、纱线结构设计及织物结构设计多重角度出发,研究纤维及其集合体的结构对织物吸、放湿性能的影响。结果表明,三叶形改性纯涤纶织物的吸湿和放湿性能优于各种涤/棉混纺织物,卡其组织织物的吸、放湿综合性能及舒适性较佳。     

分子筛改性PET纤维的制备和性能研究

将分子筛、添加剂(分散剂、交联剂)以不同的比例和PET切片共混进行母粒法熔融纺丝,制得分子筛改性PET纤维,并测定纤维的力学性能、吸湿性能和染色性能。结果表明：当纤维中分子筛质量分数为2%时,改性PET纤维的可纺性较好;添加剂含量存在最佳值,与纯PET纤维相比,分子筛：分散剂(质量比)为1．0：1．8时,改性纤维断裂强度提高39．7%,含湿率提高30．4%,上染率提高7．7%;分子筛：分散剂：交联剂(质量比)为1．0：1．2：0．2时,改性纤维断裂强度可提高62．7%。分子筛在改性PET纤维中分散均匀,并形成了拟网状结构。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/丝胶蛋白共混纤维的制备及其性能

为提高聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)纤维的服用舒适性,将PBS与天然高分子丝胶蛋白共混,经熔融纺丝制成PBS/丝胶蛋白共混纤维,研究了丝胶蛋白质量分数对纤维形态结构、化学结构、热性能、力学性能与降解性能的影响。结果表明：共混纤维具有丝胶蛋白为分散相,PBS为连续相的形态结构;丝胶蛋白的存在改善了PBS纤维断裂伸长率过高的问题,当其质量分数达到15%时,共混纤维的断裂伸长率为8.9%;共混纤维的饱和回潮率为3.90%,接近于合成纤维中的锦纶,说明共混纤维亲肤性能优良;此外,土埋降解实验6周后共混纤维的质量损失率可达53.6%,具有快速降解的能力。     

Material Capacity: Embedded Responsiveness

Most attempts towards climate-responsive architecture rely heavily on elaborate technical equipment superimposed on otherwise inert material constructs. In contrast, natural systems embed all the responsive capacity in the structure of the material itself. In this article, Achim Menges and Steffen Reichert present the development of biomimetic responsive material systems that require neither the supply of external energy nor any kind of mechanical or electronic control. They introduce their research on physically programming the humidity-reactive behaviour of these systems, and explain the possibilities this opens up for a strikingly simple yet truly ecologically embedded architecture in constant feedback and interaction with its surrounding environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复合肥防结块剂的实验研究

以十八胺、石蜡等表面活性剂为原料,通过改变乳化分散剂的用量和反应条件,研究4种不同条件下配制的防结块剂产品,并与市场上的防结块剂进行吸湿率、防结块率的性能比较。结果表明,加入的乳化分散剂对防结块有积极作用,自制4#防结块剂可以解决复合肥一般防结块效果不明显的问题。     

复合肥料的吸湿性及其影响因素

通过对复合肥吸湿性能的测定,得出各种配方复合肥的临界相对湿度,并对复合肥临界相对湿度与物料温度、原料成分之间的关系进行了研究,指出硝基复合肥的临界相对湿度受m(硝铵)/m(磷铵)的影响明显。     

Comparison of physicochemical and sensory quality of Lentinus edodes granular condiment prepared by different prilling and drying methods

Three different prilling methods, namely rotary prilling (RP), extrusion moulding prilling (EMP), sieving prilling (SP), and two drying methods, namely fluidised‐bed drying (FBD) and hot air drying (AD), were used to produce granular mushroom seasonings. There was significant difference both between the control group and SP as well as between RP and SP (P < 0.05) on moisture absorption percentage. The values of control group and SP and RP were 9.14, 9.16 and 9.58 respectively. RP and EMP which were dried with FBD showed no statistically significant difference on critical relative humidity (CRH), while there was significant difference between AD and FBD samples. In the sequences of control group, RP, EMP and SP, the repose of angle reflecting flowability was 24.9, 25.5, 26.2 and 27.1. The dissolution time was 180, 120, 160 and 130 s. The L values were 83.20, 70.00, 56.88 and 57.64. The total sensory assessment scores were 8.5, 8.4, 6.5 and 6.0. Obviously, RP had the best flowability, dissolubility and sensory assessment results among the test samples except that the L value was lower than the control one. In the comprehensive view, RP and FBD were an alternative way to make the granule seasoning.     

醋酸酯麦芽糊精制备及性质研究

以麦芽糊精为原料,制备了醋酸酯麦芽糊精。研究各反应因素对产品取代度的影响,并以取代度为指标,通过正交试验确定其最佳工艺条件,同时对制备出来的醋酸酯麦芽糊精性质进行研究。结果表明,醋酸酯麦芽糊精制备最佳工艺为:反应温度30℃、p H 8.5、醋酸酐用量12%、反应时间3 h;相对于原麦芽糊精,改性后的麦芽糊精乳化性及乳化稳定性提高,凝沉性降低,冻融稳定性增强。     

Improvement of humidity resistance of water soluble core by precipitation method

Water soluble core has been widely used in manufacturing complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels; however, the soluble core can absorb water easily from the air at room temperature. To improve the humidity resistance of the water soluble core and optimize the process parameters applied in manufacturing of the water soluble core, a precipitation method and a two-level-three-full factorial central composite design were used, respectively. The properties of the cores treated by the precipitation method were compared with that without any treatment. Through a systematical study by means of both an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer, the results indicate that the hygroscopicity can be reduced by 20% and the obtained optimal process conditions for three critical control factors affecting the hygroscopicity are 0.2 g.mL-1 calcium chloride concentration, 4% water concentration and 0 min ignition time. The porous surface coated by calcium chloride and the high humidity resistance products generated in the precipitation reaction between calcium chloride and potassium carbonate may contribute to the lower hygroscopicity.