Highly accurate SNR measurement using the covariance of two SEM images with the identical view

Quality of an SEM image is strongly influenced by the extent of noise. As a well-known method in the field of SEM, the covariance is applied to measure the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This method has potential ability for highly accurate measurement of the SNR, which is hardly known until now. If the precautions discussed in this article are adopted, that method can demonstrate its real ability. These precautions are strongly related to "proper acquisition of two images with the identical view," "alignment of an aperture diaphragm," "reduction of charging phenomena," "elimination of particular noises," and "accurate focusing," As necessary, characteristics in SEM signal and noise are investigated from a few standpoints. When using the maximum performance of this measurement, SNR of many SEM images obtained in a variety of the SEM operating conditions and specimens can be measured accurately.     

Inhibition effect of a synthesized N, N＇-bis（2-hydroxybenzaldehyde）- 1, 3-propandiimine on corrosion of mild steel in HC1

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl by N, N′-bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-1, 3-propandiimine (2-HBP) has been investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry measurements. The experimental results suggest that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration. Polarization curves reveal that this organic compound is a mixed type inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel with the addition of the Schiff base was studied in the temperature range from 25℃ to 65℃. The experimentally obtained adsorption isotherms follow the Langmuir equation. Activation and thermodynamic adsorption parameters such as E a , ΔH, ΔS, K ads and ΔG ads were calculated by the corrosion currents at different temperatures and using the adsorption isotherm. The morphology of mild steel surface in the absence and presence of 2-HBP was examined by atomic force microscope (AFM) images.     

杂酚废水对厌氧颗粒污泥微生物影响

为去除生产双酚A工业废水中的苯酚、丙酮、双酚A以及溶解于丙酮中很多难以监测的含酚类成分,通过厌氧颗粒污泥静态培养及驯化,验证其厌氧微生物对此类废水的适应性及处理效果．在颗粒污泥对该杂酚废水的静态适应性实验中,其微生物对该杂酚废水有较好的适应性,6 h的接触时间就可以使原水的COD降低约58％．驯化及连续运行60 d后在水力停留时间为9 h时,可使COD去除率达50％．利用扫描电镜观察反应器内实验前后的颗粒污泥,发现其内部和表面微生物均有很大的差异．     

扫描隧道显微镜精密工作台的神经网络控制

针对目前扫描隧道显微镜超高精度位移的要求,提出了一种基于神经网络的精密工作台控制方案。在分析微位移机构工作原理的基础上,建立了工作台的数学模型。神经网络辨识器在线辨识工作台的机械参数,神经网络自学习PID控制器代替传统PID控制器,实现了样本的在线采集,有效克服了神经网络控制器需要离线训练的缺点。利用BP网络的自学习和自适应能力,实时调整网络加权值,改变控制器的控制系数,增强了系统的实时控制性能。实验结果表明,相对于传统PID控制算法,参考位移量为10μm时,达到稳态值的时间从3.8 s缩短到1.8 s,稳态误差从4.2%减小到1.9%。     

Nanoindentation and nanomachining characteristics of gold and platinum thin films

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and an experimental method were carried out to study the effects of applied load, hold time, and temperature on nanoscratching and nanoindentation of gold and platinum thin films. The simulated results showed that the wear depth of gold decreased as the scratching velocity was increased and the temperature was decreased. The results also indicated that when the simulated nanoindentation of gold film hold time was increased, the plastic indentation depth and the plastic energy both increased. In addition, the experimental results showed that the groove depth for gold films was larger than that of platinum films under the same machining load. The wear depth and the surface roughness of platinum films were larger than those of gold films under the same lateral machining feed. Furthermore, the simulated plastic energy of gold films was compared during nanoindentation test.     

阵列式共焦显微系统超分辨特性的研究

针对光学阵列共焦显微系统中存在分辨力的下降，提出引入一种新型三区振幅型光瞳滤波器以提高其三维探测能力。首先根据基尔霍夫衍射理论推导出光学阵列共焦显微系统三维相干成像公式，与现有理论相比，能更准确地定量描述共焦阵列成像过程，进而将共焦阵列显微技术和光学超分辨技术有机结合，利用三维超分辨评价函数对光瞳滤波器的参数进行优化设计，通过压缩各探测光路的横向和轴向半极值宽（HWHM），以提高其三维扫描探测能力，从而为实现快速、超精密三维测量提供了一种有效的技术途径。     

基于焦深扩展的图像融合算法研究及其实现

针对显微图像清晰度小于人眼通过目镜和物镜观察到的图像清晰度的问题,提出了焦深扩展图像这一概念,即在物体聚焦范围内按照某一选定的步距采集多幅图像,使用图像融合技术对图像序列进行计算得到的图像;探讨了两种图像融合算法对显微图像序列进行实时焦深扩展,有效地提高清晰度和增强立体感;通过图像信息量统计方法,并针对这两种算法的特点进行了实验分析.     

Mechanism of flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification using the highly reactive absorbent

Using slurry mixed by fly ash and alkaline material, removal of SO2 in industrial waste gas had been reported in the 1970s, which was named the wet scrubbing[1]. Sincethen, there have been many reports about flue gas desulfurization using the reactive ab- sorbent prepared with flying ash. There are four kinds as follows: (1) Using slurry of fly ash as absorbent[2―4], which mainly utilize the property of fly ash for desulphurization, but the removal efficiency is not high. (2) Using fly ash a…     

一种新型Si电子束蒸发器的研制及其应用研究

我们成功地设计出一种新型的Si电子束蒸发器,并将它应用于Ge/Si(111)量子点的生长.由于采用悬臂式设计,它完全克服了高压短路的问题.电子束蒸发器的性能试验表明,稳定输出功率可以控制输出稳定的Si束流.应用这种电子束蒸发器可以在700 ℃,成功沉积出平整的单晶Si薄膜.进一步的试验表明,在这种缓冲层表面可以自组装生长出Ge量子点.     

离子束混合过程中Au/Fe磁性膜的巨磁电阻效应在线研究

在离子柬混合和强磁场条件下，在线研究了Au/Fe磁性膜的巨磁电阻效应，发现了不同磁场强度下的离子柬混合对巨磁电阻效应影响的规律，以及不同注入条件对样品饱和磁场的影响。讨论了样品由磁性多层膜逐渐向磁性纳米颗粒膜的转变，以及与此相关的纳米磁性颗粒在磁场作用下的非各向同性生长，并通过高分辨透射电镜(TEM)观察证实了磁性膜样品中磁性纳米Fe颗粒存在各向异性生长现象。通过对室温放置了一年以上的磁性纳米颗粒膜样品的电磁物性测量，证明利用离子柬混合技术制备的纳米颗粒膜在室温具有良好的热稳定性和时间稳定性。