热处理工艺对30Cr16Mo1VN钢组织和性能的影响

为探索30Cr16Mo1VN钢最佳的热处理工艺,采用冲击、拉伸试验机、洛氏硬度计、OM、SEM、XRD、TEM研究了淬、回火温度对该钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:该钢最佳的淬火温度为1050 ℃,淬火后存在少量M₂₃C₆碳化物和M₂N氮化物阻碍晶界迁移,其平均晶粒尺寸为14.1 μm,而大部分碳/氮化物固溶进基体中,导致Ms点降低,残留奥氏体含量增至59.2%。经-73 ℃冷处理后,大量残留奥氏体转变成马氏体,硬度提高至57 HRC。该钢300 ℃回火时具有良好的强韧性匹配,抗拉强度达2030 MPa,断面收缩率为10.0%。回火后基体发生回复,位错密度降低,随回火温度的升高,基体上析出细小弥散的球状碳化物阻碍位错运动产生二次硬化,450 ℃回火时出现硬度峰值。回火温度低于500 ℃时,该钢的硬度值皆大于55 HRC,具有良好的回火稳定性。     

预处理温度对Cr-Ni-Co-Mo马氏体时效不锈钢强度的影响

研究了预处理温度对Cr-Ni-Co-Mo马氏体时效不锈钢强度的影响,其内容包括预处理温度对原始锻态粗晶遗传及自发再结晶的影响,以及对最终热处理后残留+逆转变奥氏体量和力学性能的影响。结果表明:900 ℃以下预处理遗传锻态粗晶,即通过α′→γ切变机制形成高缺陷密度的奥氏体。预处理温度升高,最终750 ℃固溶、－73 ℃冷处理后的残留奥氏体量,以及500 ℃时效的残留+逆转变奥氏体量减少,因此最终的抗拉和屈服强度升高。预处理温度提高到800 ℃以上,则不再影响最终热处理后的残留+逆转变奥氏体量,因此抗拉和屈服强度趋于稳定。900 ℃以上预处理遗传的锻态粗晶自发再结晶使晶粒细化,降低形成的奥氏体内的缺陷密度,降低750 ℃固溶处理后奥氏体内累积的缺陷密度,最终的时效强化效应下降,导致晶粒细化并不能提高最终的强度。     

基于07MnNiMoDR钢热处理工艺窗口的热处理工艺

研究了07MnNiMoDR钢淬火和回火制度与晶粒尺寸和多边形铁素体含量的关系,建立了淬火保温时奥氏体尺寸窗口和回火保温时多边形铁素体含量窗口,确定了更为精准的热处理工艺。结果表明:奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的升高、保温时间的延长而变大,均匀性存在最佳区间,合理的淬火制度为加热温度(940±10) ℃保温(80±10) min;随回火温度升高,约650 ℃出现多边形铁素体,其含量随回火温度的升高、保温时间的延长而增加,合理的回火制度为:加热温度(665±5) ℃、保温时间(165±15) min。优选后最佳热处理工艺为940 ℃×80 min淬火和660 ℃×180 min回火,最终性能测试结果表明:伸长率、冲击吸收能量和屈服强度相比国标分别提升了40.88%、206.25%和12.1%。     

An ultrahigh strength steel with ultrafine-grained microstructure produced through intercritical deformation and partitioning process

In this work, a novel design scheme in which deformation-induced ferrite transformation (DIFT) was applied to produce fine-grained steel and the quenching is controlled by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process has led to the development of a new kind of steel. This steel possesses excellent mechanical properties and the ductility can be further improved without compromising strength because the refined microstructure contains martensite, retained austenite and deformation-induced ferrite. The highest elongation of 15% allied with strength of 1700 MPa is obtained through hot deformation followed by Q&P treatment at 300 °C. The microstructure evolutions are discussed in terms of the current knowledge of the Q&P process and the experimental observations. The results show that the designed multiphase steels are a promising candidate for the development of the third generation of advanced high strength steels.     

三元复合驱后剩余油微观特征

三元复合驱是一种有效提高采收率的方法,但驱后仍然有很多原油残留地下。为了进一步认识三元复合驱后微观剩余油分布类型和状态,利用激光共聚焦技术、现代物理实验模拟方法、现场取心井采出的天然岩心对三元复合驱后剩余油微观分布规律进行研究。结果表明,三元复合驱后剩余油主要以孔表薄膜状分布在孔隙中,而其中大部分为难以采出的重质油。研究成果对于进一步提高采收率方法选择具有一定参考价值。     

塔河缝洞型油藏剩余油分析与提高采收率途径

塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏属于古岩溶型底水油藏,投产17年来,标定采收率仅为15%,而老区自然递减率已超30%。分析此类油藏剩余油,明确提高采收率途径,是目前急待解决的技术难题。在目前地质认识条件下,自主研制了系列可视化缝洞组合物理模型,采用物理模拟实验与动静结合分析方法,揭示了剩余油形成的力学机制、主要赋存方式及分布特征。提出了缝洞型油藏当溶孔直径大于4mm时可忽略毛管力的作用,大于此界限的孔、缝中重力分异将起主要作用;明确了主要剩余油的赋存方式是洞顶剩余油、高导流通道屏蔽剩余油、充填多孔介质中残余油及连通不好的盲端油;并提出了针对不同类型剩余油的提高采收率技术途径,为塔河缝洞型油藏高效开发提供了理论依据。     

Fine structure characterization of martensite/austenite constituent in low‐carbon low‐alloy steel by transmission electron forward scatter diffraction

Transmission electron forward scatter diffraction and other characterization techniques were used to investigate the fine structure and the variant relationship of the martensite/austenite (M/A) constituent of the granular bainite in low‐carbon low‐alloy steel. The results demonstrated that the M/A constituents were distributed in clusters throughout the bainitic ferrite. Lath martensite was the main component of the M/A constituent, where the relationship between the martensite variants was consistent with the Nishiyama–Wassermann orientation relationship and only three variants were found in the M/A constituent, suggesting that the variants had formed in the M/A constituent according to a specific mechanism. Furthermore, the Σ3 boundaries in the M/A constituent were much longer than their counterparts in the bainitic ferrite region. The results indicate that transmission electron forward scatter diffraction is an effective method of crystallographic analysis for nanolaths in M/A constituents.     

偏析对纳米贝氏体钢再纳米化焊缝组织性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜TEM和电子背散射衍射EBSD分析了焊接偏析对纳米贝氏体钢再纳米化焊缝中的残余奥氏体的影响.结果表明,焊接偏析导致了粗大奥氏体的形成,该粗大奥氏体集中分布于枝晶间位置.粗大奥氏体的含碳量低于块状奥氏体,稳定性降低.母材残余奥氏体尺寸为亚微米级且均匀分布,而焊缝残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸为微米级,且分布不均匀.焊接偏析导致的焊缝残余奥氏体的变化对焊缝延伸率有重要影响.力学测试结果表明再纳米化焊缝强度与母材相当,延伸率明显小于母材.     

形变组织对水电用高强度贝氏体钢再加热奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

对某水电用800 MPa调质贝氏体高强钢进行了热变形-热处理晶粒长大的实验室联合试验。采用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对钢试样进行不同工艺热压缩变形后冷却至室温,随后对试样进行模拟淬火再加热,在900～1200℃不同温度和保温时间条件下奥氏体化,研究热变形组织的差异对重新奥氏体化晶粒长大的影响规律。结果表明,不同应变速率(0.01～10 s^-1)、变形温度(900～1150℃)和60%工程应变下,试验钢获得的变形组织大致可分为3类：带有明显变形特征的组织、均匀细小的完全再结晶组织和已长大粗化的再结晶组织。3类组织再加热过程中其晶粒长大趋势基本相同,起始晶粒尺寸越大则最终奥氏体晶粒尺寸越大;但在950℃等温时,带有明显变形特征组织的变形试样奥氏体晶粒先缓慢长大后又迅速长大粗化。经评估验证,所建立的Sellars模型、Beck模型和Hillert模型晶粒长大动力学方程对于试验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为均有比较满意的预测效果。3类变形组织对应的Hillert模型及Sellars模型中奥氏体长大激活能基本相同,说明同一成分钢种的初始组织的差异并未显著影响晶粒长大机制...     

The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrahigh strength 23CoNi steel plate

1 Introduction23CoNi (0 .23C-14Co-2Ni-3Cr-1 Mo) steel is an ultrahigh strength steel with high alloy .It exhibitshigh strength,good toughness and excellent corrosion resistance . The tensile strength of 23CoNi is above1930 MPa andfracture toughness tends to higher than 110 MPam.It is not only usedto make critical air-craft parts ,such as landing gear ,joints etc .,but alsois used for bulletproof material .It is a kind of sec-ondary hardening alloy steel ,strengthened by the precipitation…