竹粉增强木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

采用热压成型工艺制备了竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料,探讨了竹粉的添加量及其粒径对复合材料力学性能及热机械性能(DMA)的影响。研究结果表明,随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度均增大;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度最佳。随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的初始储能模量逐渐增大,玻璃化转变温度先升高而后降低;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉的添加对材料初始储能模量的提升有利。适当提高木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的交联密度,可以得到更好的力学性能。     

新型竹建筑材料的基本性能及应用现状

该文以常规建材作为参照对象,在分析了原竹材料的生态效益,基本性能和内部组织特点的基础上,通过对比,指出新型竹材较原竹材料存在结构致密,强度高的优势。总结了竹材胶合板、竹材层积材、竹材重组材等新型竹材的制作工艺、产品特点及应用现状。并通过比较新型竹材与常规建材在密度、静曲强度、弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度等方面的不同,进而分析了新型竹材的力学性能和物理学性能及其在现代建筑工程活动中突出的适应性。文章最后结合现代竹结构建筑的优秀案例,以及新型竹材的简要发展历程,针对新型竹材的加工技术和应用推广提出建议,以利于新型竹材产业今后的发展。     

Hypolipidemic Effect of Bamboo Shoot Oil (P. pubescens) in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Abstract: Atherosclerosis and its related complications are the leading causes of death in the West and in many developed countries. This study aims to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of bamboo shoot oil (BSO) in Sprague–Dawley rats. A group of rats had induced hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty liver by being fed with a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 4 wk. The control group was administered 10 mL distilled water per kg body weight, while the other groups were, respectively, administered 250 mg beta-sitosterol, 250 mg BSO, 500 mg BSO, and 1000 mg BSO per kg body weight by oral gavage. The results demonstrated that BSO could significantly decrease the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, phytosterol, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and atherogenic index in serum, and increase the levels of cholesterol in feces. It could also significantly decrease the level of relative liver weight and liver lipids. The pronounced hypolipidemic effects of BSO might be attributed to its ability to inhibit cholesterol absorption and increase cholesterol excretion. These results suggest that consuming BSO may provide benefits in managing hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, BSO may be a good candidate for development as a functional food and nutraceutical.     

Electromagnetic interference shielding,mechanical properties and water absorption of copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites

Copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites were prepared by electroless deposition via a tin-free process. The process involved 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane modification, noble metal (Au or Pd) activation and electroless copper planting of BF. The copper deposition rate via Pd catalytic process was 1.01 mg/cm² h, higher than that by Au catalytic process (0.85 mg/cm² h). The microstructure of Cu/BF composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the copper coatings were composed of ball-shaped copper particles. The composition and chemical state of copper layers were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, Cu⁰ was detected but copper dioxide was not found in both spectra. The electromagnetic interference, water absorption, mechanical tension, conductivity and adhesion properties of Cu/BF samples (weight ratio of Cu/BF: 0.36 ± 0.01) were measured to obtain the qualities of the composites.     

Monitoring of the bacterial communities of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) during pickling process

The diversity and dynamics of the dominant bacterial communities arising during the pickling process of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) were investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis combined with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed only several kinds of halophilic bacteria during early sampling time (0?3 days). After pickling for 7 days, Lactococcus lactis significantly increased (P < 0.05, quantities were 6.39 × 10⁵ copies μL^?1) and became the first dominant bacterium. After pickling for 14 days, Weissella sp. bands appeared and quickly became dominant on the 21st day (4.07 × 10⁶ copies μL^?1). As maturation progressed, Lc. lactis decreased in intensity whereas Weissella sp. increased in intensity. Finally, the quantities of Weissella sp. (2.50 × 10⁷ copies μL^?1) became higher than those of Lc. lactis (1.43 × 10⁷ copies μL^?1) after pickling for 56 days. The pickling process was initiated by Lc. lactis, followed by Lc. lactis and Weissella sp., and was finally succeeded by Weissella sp.     

竹子磺化化机浆(SCMP)H_2O_2漂白的研究

本文研究了竹子磺化化机浆(SCMP)在 H_2O_2漂白时的反应动力学,并就其发色基团的脱除机理进行了探讨。结果表明:竹子 SCMP 浆 H_2O_2漂白表现出与木材机械浆相似的反应性。竹子 SCMP 浆 H_2O_2漂白初始反应速率很快,此后渐趋平缓。提高漂白浓度,增加药品用量有利于浆中发色基团的脱除。确立竹子 SCMP 浆H_2O_2漂白动力学方程为:—dC_R/dt=k[H_2O_2]~(0.89)[OH]~(0.18)C_R~(5.25)     

竹浆纤维及其织物的性能研究

分析了竹浆纤维的微结构和性能，并对竹浆纤维织物与粘胶纤维织物的性能进行了对比。     

竹纤维在染整加工中的应用

本文对新型纤维——竹纤维的物理和化学性能、染色性能进行了分析，并对竹纤维混纺织物的染整加工工艺特点和应用作了讨论。     

竹浆碱化工艺对纤维素黄酸酯性能的影响

竹浆的主要成分是纤维素、木质素和戊聚糖,将其粉碎、碱化交联,在一定的条件下与二硫化碳反应,制得竹浆纤维素黄酸酯,作为竹浆黏胶纤维的纺丝原液.分析了碱化过程中氢氧化钠的浓度和温度、碱化时间对纤维素黄酸酯酯化度的影响.     

竹叶中有效成分的分离研究

采用梯度洗脱及柱色谱法对竹叶中的有效活性成分重点为黄酮进行了分离研究、提纯。试验中所用色谱柱填料为本实验室自制，其色谱柱长298mm，内径10mm，脱洗体系为乙醇-水溶液。试验在提取分离黄桐的同时得到了叶绿素，现时从竹叶中分离出了多糖成分。研究表明不同的竹叶其黄酮含量不同，磁竹、白家子竹不含黄酮类化合物，而大竹叶与小竹叶均含有黄酮类化合物，且大竹叶和较内采小竹叶黄酮分别为1.56%、4.07%。