Model test of immersed tube tunnel foundation treated by sand-flow method

In order to explore the immersed tunnel foundation treated by sand-flow method, modeling principles for the full-scale model test of sand flow were put forward. In addition, a sand-flow test model was built, which consisted of model system, equipment system and measurement system. The situation of sand-deposit expanding and the water pressure in the foundation trench were evaluated through the model test. The results show that a semi-closed space was formed between the model board and the expanding sand deposit, which made the water pressure in it rising with little range of volatility. The sand deposit gradually became non-circular truncated cone which shaped with its expanding radius, and the difference of the water pressure increased at each direction. The water pressure in crater had a linear increase with the sand-deposit radius, with a maximal value of 0.015 2 MPa. The volatility of the water pressure under the tunnel board and the water pressure value in the crater could be used as bases of construction control.     

山西省娄烦县尖东铁矿地质特征及矿床成因

通过对山西省娄烦县尖东铁矿区域地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿体特征等的综合分析,阐述了该区铁矿的成因类型,总结其成矿规律,为铁矿的进一步勘查开发提供地质依据。     

CO2 sequestration in depleted methane hydrate deposits with excess water

The recent increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration makes it necessary to investigate new ways to reduce CO₂ emissions. Simultaneously, natural gas hydrate mining technology is developing rapidly. The use of depleted methane hydrate (MH) deposits as potential sites for CO₂ storage is relatively safe and economical. This method can alleviate the shortage of hydrate displacement gas with CO₂. The purpose of this study was to investigate CO₂ hydrate formation characteristics during the seepage process—in reservoirs with excess water—and their effect on CO₂ storage. The experimental process can be divided into 5 parts: MH formation, water injection, MH dissociation, CO₂ hydrate formation, and CO₂ hydrate dissociation. Magnetic resonance imaging was employed to monitor the distribution of liquid water, and the effects of different parameters on the formation and dissociation of CO₂ hydrates were analyzed. It was found that a state of initial water saturation can effectively control hydrate saturation in artificial MH reservoirs for hydrate reservoirs with excess gas. In the process of CO₂ flow, initial water saturation was not the main controlling factor for CO₂ hydrate formation. Increasing the flow pressure and reducing the flow rate were beneficial for CO₂ hydrate formation. This study is of great significance for advancing the science of CO₂ geological storage in the form of deep‐sea hydrates.     

滇西北普朗地区自然重砂矿物异常及其找矿意义

自然重砂及其组合蕴含着丰富的源区岩性体信息,为找矿勘查提供了丰富的矿源信息。已有地质勘查及研究主要集中在金、钨锡矿等,而对铜铅锌矿等其他矿种研究较少。针对铜铅锌矿种及其不同成因的矿床开展研究,通过普朗地区自然重砂矿物的类型及分布特点开展综合对比研究,挖掘其所蕴含的铜多金属成矿作用信息及找矿意义。普朗地区自然重砂矿物及其组合成片集中分布,其异常对已知区内铜多金属矿床具有良好的响应,体现出铜多金属成矿模式及成矿作用特点,反映具有成因意义的成矿作用信息,对区域矿产勘查具有良好的指示意义。     

东北地区金矿自然重砂异常及其找矿指示意义

统计了黑龙江、吉林、辽宁等省典型金矿床的自然重砂情况,得出斑岩型、矽卡型、造山型和热液型的金矿所对应的自然重砂矿物组合。其中金自然重砂分布广泛,主要受地形特征和水系分布制约,具有一定的区带性特征,可以划分为12个异常集中区;多分布于隐伏断裂附近,且与金矿床响应具极好的相关性;自然金、黄铁矿、辰砂和白钨矿等矿物对金矿响应程度较高。不同成因类型金矿床的重砂矿物组合存在差异,斑岩型金矿为自然金—黄铁矿—辰砂—白钨矿—方铅矿—黄铜矿—锆石—金红石,矽卡型金矿为自然金—黄铁矿—辰砂—石榴子石—磷灰石,造山型金矿为自然金—黄铁矿—辰砂—白钨矿—方铅矿—黄铜矿,热液型金矿为自然金—黄铁矿—辰砂—白钨矿—方铅矿。综合研究认为,重砂异常对矿产地存在指示作用,重砂矿物的标型组合可以体现出特定成因金矿床的指示标志。     

玻利维亚波托西Sannicolas锡银矿地质特征

Sannicolas锡银矿区位于东科迪勒拉古生代褶皱带,属于玻利维亚中部山区一个重要的多金属成矿带.该区受区域构造运动和变形变质作用的影响,无论是断层构造控矿的矿体,还是褶皱构造层控的矿体,均遭受区域动力变质热液和岩浆热液的侵蚀.通过研究矿化类型、蚀变等特征,认为该矿床主要形成于板块边缘,与年轻的火山弧或弧后盆地同硅铝质地壳深熔作用形成的钙碱性、碱性长英质岩浆有关.该矿床成因类型属于岩浆热液型多金属矿床.     

广东牛尾岩—观音山多金属矿地质特征及找矿标志

牛尾岩—观音山多金属矿区位于吴川—四会深断裂中北端西侧,英德弧型构造前弧西翼,连阳岩体的北东缘,南岭地区重要多金属成矿带的南缘。赋矿围岩为石炭系下统石磴子组灰、深灰色至灰黑色中—厚层生物碎屑灰岩夹结晶灰岩、粒屑灰岩,局部夹薄层状泥质灰岩或少量的白云质灰岩。矿石类型主要为硫化物型铅锌多金属矿石及铁多金属矿石,矿体呈脉状或透镜状产出,与矿化关系密切的围岩蚀变主要有夕卡岩化、硅化等。夕卡岩化、硅化、黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化4种蚀变相伴出现,可作为该区的找矿标志。     

贵州西溪堡锰矿地质特征及深部找矿预测

西溪堡锰矿位于扬子陆块东南部被动边缘褶冲带(铜仁逆冲带)与凤冈滑脱褶皱带的结合部位,为梵净山穹隆北东端外缘,属浅海斜坡相沉积环境.赋矿层位(含锰岩系)为南华系下统大塘坡组第一段,岩性为炭质页岩、黏土岩.矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状,受层位、含锰岩系厚度、铁丝坳组岩性及厚度、古构造及沉积环境的控制.矿石矿物主要为菱锰矿、钙菱锰矿、锰方解石、锰白云石等.通过对该矿床地质特征、岩相古地理、古构造等综合分析,预测了深部锰矿找矿靶区.     

胶东西部灵山沟金矿床地质特征与成因探讨

灵山沟金矿床是招掖金矿带上的一个重要金矿床.文章通过搜集已有资料和综合近年来最新的研究成果,对该矿床的地质背景、矿体及矿石特征、赋存状态、围岩蚀变、同位素特征、包裹体特征、矿床成因等方面进行了系统的研究和分析.认为该金矿床受北东向断裂构造控制,具典型的中温热液蚀变特征,岩浆活动具多期次,成矿阶段温度变化不大,成矿流体为低盐度的H2O-NaCl-CO2-H2S体系,硫来源于深源地幔,成矿流体来源以岩浆水为主,混入不同程度的大气降水和变质水,矿床成因为中温热液脉状金矿床,属中成造山型金矿.     

陕西池沟斑岩型铜矿地质特征与找矿前景分析

池沟矿区位于南秦岭礼县—柞水海西褶皱带东段,受山阳—凤镇断裂控制,矿区内发育燕山期中酸性小岩体群.铜矿体主要赋存于黑云母二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩、石英闪长玢岩及池沟组地层中,矿区内围岩蚀变强烈,分布范围较大,且具有明显的分带特征.铜矿化呈细脉状、浸染状、细脉浸染状分布,表现出典型的斑岩型铜矿特征.通过地质调查和物化探异常对池沟矿区的地质特征分析,认为该矿区找矿前景广阔.