污泥含炭吸附剂的制备及其吸附模拟烟气中汞蒸汽的应用(英文)

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl2 chemical activation.Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,and adsorption of nitrogen.The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity(394 m 2 ·g-1of BET surface,0.12 and 0.10 ml·g-1of microporous and mesoporous volume,respectively) .The oxygen functional groups such as OH,C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) .The adsorption of elemental mercury(Hg0) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor.The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration,from 23.6μg·g-1at 12.58μg·m-3to 87.9μg·g-1at 72.50μg·m-3,and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased,from 246 μg·g-1 at 25°C to 61.3μg·g-1 at 140°C,when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon,which was 81.2μg·g-1and 53.8μg·g-1respectively.The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model.The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.     

DATB改性吸附剂的表征及处理石油废水研究

用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DATB)对膨润土、海泡石、粉煤灰和硅藻土进行改性,并通过TG、XRD和IR等手段进行了结构表征;研究了时间、pH、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附剂处理石油废水效果的影响。结果表明,在最佳实验条件(时间90min,pH=7.0,吸附剂用量1g/100mL)下,对COD、油类、氨氮和挥发酚的去除率最高分别可达86.79%、92.33%、78.64%、87.05%;吸附剂对石油废水中污染物的吸附符合Freundlich或Langmuir吸附等温方程。     

吸附法卤水提锂技术的研究进展

简介了锂资源的概况,明确了从卤水中提锂的必要性。在综述了吸附法提锂的技术现状后,重点介绍了几种无机吸附剂的基本性能和吸附机理,指出了各种吸附技术中存在的问题和今后吸附法卤水提锂的研究方向。     

固废源CaO基CO2捕集材料的制备与捕集性能研究进展

CO₂捕集技术是当前应对全球气候变化、缓解温室效应的重要途径。利用含钙固体废弃物制备高效CaO基CO₂捕集材料有利于实现固废资源高值化利用、以废治废和清洁生产,具有重要的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。基于固废源高效廉价CaO基CO₂捕集材料的良好应用前景,本文介绍了工业废渣、生物质和其他含钙固体废弃物的产生与资源化利用现状,综述了CaO基吸附剂的捕集原理、碳酸化动力学过程和CO₂捕集性能,对比了以不同含钙固体废弃物为前驱体制备CaO基吸附剂的吸附-脱附循环性能和不同改性方法对其吸附稳定性的影响,从经济角度分析了固废源CaO基吸附剂在钢铁厂、燃煤电厂和生物制氢中的应用潜力,展望了固废源CaO基CO₂捕集材料的应用前景和发展方向。该文旨在为固废源CaO基吸附剂前驱体的选择、吸附性能的提高和固废吸附材料的工业应用提供帮助。     

Polymeric organogel as an effective approach for eradication of heavy metal ions As,Pb, Cd,and Cr from the surface of groundwater through adsorption stratagem

Excess metal pollutant has affected and caused serious havoc in the lives of terrestrial as well as aquatic beings. The core of this work revolves around eradicating highly toxic heavy metal ions from underground water systems using a cost-effective, high removal efficiency polymeric adsorbent capable of adsorbing and removing ionic metals whose backbone is composed of a bio-degradable polymer, polyvinyl alcohol. The obtained adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, HNMR, and P-XRD. Morphological studies were carried out using SEM. Detection and adsorption of metal ions were performed using SEM–EDX and AAS; wherein the adsorbent was found to remove nearly 80% of arsenic ions, 70.5% and 70.7% for lead and chromium ions while 60.7% for cadmium ions, respectively. Further, the kinetics of adsorption along with intraparticle diffusion studies were also performed to determine the mechanism alongside observing the isothermal influence of the sorbent. The adsorption capacity was seen to be highest in arsenic at around 570.42 mg g⁻¹ thus acting as a potential and effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from groundwater.     

离子筛型锂离子吸附剂的制备

采用高温固相法制备锂离子吸附剂。采用正交实验法对影响吸附率的灼烧时间,温度和水热时间等诸因素进行了讨论,确定了最佳制备条件。实验结果显示:用该吸附剂在室温24℃,液相pH=7.2,锂的初始浓度为6mg/L,对锂的吸附率可达93.2%,吸附量为3.78mg/g。     

木质素吸附剂研究现状及进展

作为地球上最丰富的可再生资源之一,木质素是制浆造纸工业的副产物,若得不到充分利用,变成了制浆造纸工业中的主要污染源之一,则不仅造成严重的环境污染,而且也造成资源的重大浪费.因此,如何有效利用好木质素这种可再生资源已成为科研工作者研究的出发点.木质素吸附剂是木质素高值化利用的一个新起点,可用于环保、生物、医药、冶金、电镀、材料等领域,具有广阔的前景.本文主要介绍近年来吸附剂的研究状况,其中包括木质素吸附剂的研制及其应用情况,并探讨了木质素吸附剂的发展趋势.     

球形纤维素吸附剂的研究现状及发展趋势

纤维素是地球上最丰富的、可以再生的天然资源，具有价廉、可降解并对环境不产生污染等特点，因此世界各国都十分重视对纤维素的研究与开发。改性纤维素类吸附剂是目前纤维素功能高分子材料的重要发展方向之一。本文主要利用现有的文献资料从纤维素的溶解、纤维素珠体的研制以及球形再生纤维素的功能化等三个方面综合阐述了球形纤维素吸附剂的研究现状，并讨论了球形纤维素吸附剂的发展趋势。     

Recent advances on the use of adsorbent materials for detoxification of Fusarium mycotoxins

The extensive use of adsorbents in the livestock industry has led to the introduction of a wide range of new products on the market, most of them claiming high in vitro mycotoxin adsorption capacity. However, adsorbents that may appear effective in vitro do not necessarily retain their efficacy when tested in vivo. Studies performed in our laboratory during the past few years aiming to evaluate the efficacy of various adsorbent materials in binding Fusarium mycotoxins are reported. Adsorption experiments were performed in in vitro screening tests for Fusarium mycotoxins at different pHs; by in vivo tests using the increase of the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio in rat urine and tissues as a biomarker of fumonisin exposure; and by a dynamic, computer-controlled, gastrointestinal model simulating the gastrointestinal tract of healthy pigs. Most of the commercially available mycotoxin-binders failed in sequestering in vitro Fusarium mycotoxins. Only for a small number of adsorbent materials was the ability to bind more than one mycotoxin demonstrated. Cholestyramine was proven to be an effective binder for fumonisins and zearalenone in vitro, which was confirmed for zearalenone in experiments using a dynamic gastrointestinal model and for fumonisins in in vivo experiments. No adsorbent materials, with the exception of activated carbon, showed relevant ability in binding deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. The in vitro efficacy of activated carbon toward fumonisins was not confirmed in vivo by the biomarker assay. The dynamic gastrointestinal model was a reliable tool to study the effectiveness of adsorbent materials in reducing the bioaccessibility of Fusarium mycotoxins, as an alternative to the more difficult and time-consuming studies with domestic livestock.     

废弃农林生物质在废水处理中环境友好利用的研究进展

综述近年来国内外利用废弃农林生物质环境友好处理各种废水的现状,重点阐述了废弃农林生物质作为吸附剂对印染、重金属等工业废水的处理以及通过改性手段来提高农林生物质处理效果的研究进展。