海绵负载纳米Al2O3复合吸附剂去除水中硒研究

研究制备了海绵负载纳米Al2O3微球的复合吸附剂(NAS),并用于对Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的吸附。结果表明,合成的纳米Al2O3微球(NAO)的平均尺寸为200~400 nm,在海绵上负载NAO会使其分散性更好。当NAO负载量分别为80 mg/g和60 mg/g时,NAS对Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的吸附性能为佳,分别需要60、120 min达到平衡,适应pH为2~5;两者均符合准2级动力学模型;NAS对Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量分别为137.2、143.9 mg/g,能很好地与Freundlich模型拟合,说明NAS表面不均匀,且属于多层吸附。经过2次的循环,对Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的去除率有所降低,但均仍保持在一定的水平,说明NAS可再生循环利用。NAS作为一种新型吸附剂去除水中Se具有较好的应用前景。     

改性壳聚糖微球处理含氟废水的研究

利用无毒交联剂制备壳聚糖微球并负载稀土元素,制得新型除氟吸附剂。配制水除氟实验中,Ce-CEB对F^-(纯NaF溶液)的静态吸附容量为17.7 mgF^-/g微球,F^-的脱除率为93.4%;对于具有复杂阴离子的配制水,Ce-CEB对F^-的动态饱和吸附量为12.3 mgF^-/g微球。     

Polymer hydrogel cross-linked by inorganic nanoparticles for removing trace metal ions

Hydrogels for absorbing metal ions in wastewater have attracted more attentions in the environmental field especially for recent years. The removal efficiency of hydrogel adsorbents for eliminating metal ions is highly related with the effective contact between adsorbents and adsorbates. However, poor water absorption capacity of the hydrogel adsorbents would restrict on the expose of adsorption sites to the targeted subjects, causing undesirable removal ratio (RR) especially for metal ions at trace level. Thereby, the reported hydrogel adsorbents mainly focus on the removal of high content but not the trace level of metal ions so far. In this work, poly(acrylamide) (PAM)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/Ca(OH)₂ composite hydrogel is applied to adsorb trace metal ions. Swelling ratio of such PAM/PAA/Ca(OH)₂ gel reaches 2,530 g/g, resulting in effective exposure of active sites and further expected RR for trace metal ions. The RRs of such adsorbent for Cu²⁺ (initial concentration C₀ = 0.064 mg/L), Al³⁺ (C₀ = 0.27 mg/L), Co²⁺ (C₀ = 0.59 mg/L), Cr⁶⁺ (C₀ = 0.52 mg/L), Mn²⁺ (C₀ = 0.55 mg/L), Ni²⁺ (C₀ = 0.59 mg/L), Zn²⁺ (C₀ = 0.65 mg/L), Ag⁺ (C₀ = 1.08 mg/L), and La³⁺ (C₀ = 1.39 mg/L) are 56.6, 80.8, 41.3, 29.3, 34.6, 44.6, 55.9, 45.8, and 35.5%, respectively. This work broadens the application of hydrogel adsorbent for eliminating trace metal ions from polluted water.     

Removal of As(V) Ions from Solution by Akaganeite bgr-FeO(OH) Nanocrystals

The original method is developed for producing the new inorganic sorption material of akaganeite bgr-FeO(OH). The material in question is characterized relative to arsenic contained in aqua. The possibility is established for removing arsenate ions from water by contemporary physicochemical methods.     

吸附精制提高催化裂化柴油的安定性

用卸出的催化裂化平衡催化剂对催化裂化柴油进行吸附精制，取得了很好的效果。精制油收率99％以上，其安定性达到了优级轻柴油的标准（沉渣＜2．0mg／100mL，色号≤16）。精制后柴油的胶质下降约1个百分点，对吸附物的组成分析表明，其氮含量是柴油的17倍以上。对精制油的分析表明，吸附精制可明显降低柴油的酸度和碱性氮化物的含量。     

裂解气脱砷催化剂及工艺研究

采用浸渍法制备以复合型的银化合物为活性组分的脱砷剂,用于裂解气及C3馏分等液态轻质烃中砷化物的脱除。考察了脱砷剂分别应用于裂解气和液态轻质烃脱砷时原料砷含量及其空速对脱砷活性的影响。在适宜的操作条件下,脱砷剂能将原料中1000～5000μg/kg的砷脱除至10μg/kg以下。脱砷剂质量容砷量大于4%(砷相对于脱砷剂的质量分数)。     

复合吸附剂提高催化裂化柴油安定性的研究

用改性活性白土吸附精制催化裂化柴油，精制后柴油的安定性得到显著提高。对精制后柴油的分析表明：复合吸附剂能够大幅降低油品中的总硫和碱性氮含量，对油品其它性质无大的影响。     

重油催化裂化干气氢提纯技术的开发

石家庄炼油厂和西南化工研究设计院合作开发的中国石化系统第一套利用变压吸附技术进行RFCC干气氢提纯工业试生产装置一年的平稳运行说明：提纯后产品氢纯度达99．9％，回收率大于85％；操作简便灵活；装置负荷弹性裕度大；经济效益显著。实践证明它是一项富有吸引力的新工艺，为重油催化裂化装置的挖潜增效展示了美好的前景。     

膨润土在废水处理中的应用综述

随着环境保护标准的日益严格，开发新型、廉价、高效的水处理材料也日趋紧迫。首先简要地介绍了非金属矿物材料——膨润土的矿物学特征。这些特征使得膨润土具有许多优良的基本特性，如电负性、离子交换性能等等。如果进一步针对膨润土的一种或者某些特性加以改性，膨润土就非常有可能在实际工程中被广泛应用。其次较为详细地综述了膨润土在废水处理中应用的现状，主要是作为制备吸附剂和絮凝剂的原料。而且，由膨润土改性所制成的吸附剂或絮凝剂对废水中的无机、有机污染物都有较为理想的去除率。最后，对膨润土的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effects of multiple weak interactions on the binding of phenolic compounds by polymeric adsorbents

To investigate the effects of multiple weak interactions on the binding of phenolic compounds by polymeric adsorbents, macroporous polystyrene (PS) resin and PS‐based adsorbents with different hydrogen‐bond acceptor atoms (PS CH₂( OCH₂CH₂)_n OCH₃, n = 0, 1, 2, and 3, denoted as PS‐EG₀, PS‐EG₁, PS‐EG₂, and PS‐EG₃) were prepared. The phenol adsorption strength order on these adsorbents was PS/PS‐EG₀ < PS‐EG₁ < PS‐EG₂ < PS‐EG₃, indicating that the adsorption on PS and PS‐EG₀ was driven by hydrophobic and π–π interactions, and the adsorption on PS‐EG₁, PS‐EG₂, and PS‐EG₃ was driven by a hydrogen bond in addition to hydrophobic and π–π interactions. PS‐EG₂ may adsorb a second phenol molecule on each binding site and PS‐EG₃ may adsorb second and third ones. The adsorption strength of resorcinol increased in the order of PS, PS‐EG₁, and PS‐EG₂, indicating that the adsorption was driven by 0, 1, and 2 hydrogen bonds in addition to hydrophobic and π–π interactions. Similarly, the adsorption of phloroglucinol on PS, PS‐EG₁, PS‐EG₂, and PS‐EG₃ was driven by 0, 1, 2, and 3 hydrogen bonds in addition to hydrophobic and π–π interactions because the adsorption strength increased in this order. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4652–4658, 2006