近程防御系统中多空中目标威胁度分析

研究近程防御系统,快速打击威胁目标的控制是整个系统的主要问题。针对敌方空中目标批次较多、运动状态复杂,而我方防御火力有限,对目标进行有效、精确拦截,需要对目标威胁度排序,依次进行打击。为了正确识别对整个目标过程,进行定性和定量的分析判断,提出了一种行之有效的灰色关联分析的变权威胁度分析方法;进行仿真,生成空中多组动态飞行目标,采用上述算法对空中目标有效识别,并对威胁度进行排序,进行打击。实验结果与专家评估后的结果完全一致,并能够准确而快速的在战场做出决策。     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的机动目标跟踪算法

在机动目标跟踪过程中,由于目标运动的不确定性,雷达系统接收的数据存在噪声,使预置目标运动模型通常很难得到较高的跟踪精度。为此,以自适应卡尔曼滤波为基础,将直角坐标系和球坐标系相结合,提出了一种混合坐标系下的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。算法避免了两个坐标系变换引起的噪声统计规律变化问题,并针对目标发生大机动运动的情况,自适应的调整动态模型中机动目标运动参数。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,改进算法的收敛速度和对状态的估计精度均得到优化,并对机动目标具有较好的跟踪性能。     

PID控制器设计与仿真研究

研究优化PID控制器性能问题,在过程控制中,系统存在纯滞后性、时变性、非线性的复杂系统,传统模糊控制和PID控制方法解决上述问题效果不佳,导致超调量大和调节时间长。为了解决控制系统中超调量大和调节时间长等难题,在Smith预估器和传统PID控制的基础上,结合模糊PID控制的优点,提出一种模糊PID-Smith的智能控制方法。方法通过对模型的纯滞后进行补偿,来减小纯滞后系统的超调量,从而增强系统的稳定性。通过对火电机组主汽温控制系统进行仿真,结果表明,方法降低了超调量,减少了调节时间,极大地改善了控制性能,提高了控制系统的自适应性和鲁棒性。     

非故意发射超高次谐波发生机理及影响因素分析

随着接入电网的半导体器件开关频率的提高,换流器注入电网的谐波向着高频化方向延伸。超高次谐波是配电网电力电子化必然带来的电能质量新问题之一。本文针对非故意发射超高次谐波,从PWM脉宽调制的原理出发,分析了非故意发射超高次谐波产生原因及频率分布特征,并给出了一种能够反映超高次谐波典型特征的优选聚合频带方法,进一步分析了不同因素对超高次谐波发射的影响,为超高次谐波的检测与识别、相关标准的制定以及治理方法提供理论依据。     

Biflavonoid-Induced Disruption of Hydrogen Bonds Leads to Amyloid-β Disaggregation

Deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils in the brain is a key pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. A class of polyphenolic biflavonoids is known to have anti-amyloidogenic effects by inhibiting aggregation of Aβ and promoting disaggregation of Aβ fibrils. In the present study, we further sought to investigate the structural basis of the Aβ disaggregating activity of biflavonoids and their interactions at the atomic level. A thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay revealed that amentoflavone-type biflavonoids promote disaggregation of Aβ fibrils with varying potency due to specific structural differences. The computational analysis herein provides the first atomistic details for the mechanism of Aβ disaggregation by biflavonoids. Molecular docking analysis showed that biflavonoids preferentially bind to the aromatic-rich, partially ordered N-termini of Aβ fibril via the π–π interactions. Moreover, docking scores correlate well with the ThT EC₅₀ values. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that biflavonoids decrease the content of β-sheet in Aβ fibril in a structure-dependent manner. Hydrogen bond analysis further supported that the substitution of hydroxyl groups capable of hydrogen bond formation at two positions on the biflavonoid scaffold leads to significantly disaggregation of Aβ fibrils. Taken together, our data indicate that biflavonoids promote disaggregation of Aβ fibrils due to their ability to disrupt the fibril structure, suggesting biflavonoids as a lead class of compounds to develop a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease.     

Multi-Scale Dilated Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

基于多尺度空洞卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类

郑姗姗¹,刘文¹,单锐¹,赵静一²,江国乾³,张智⁴

（1. 燕山大学理学院,河北 秦皇岛 066004;2. 燕山大学机械工程学院,河北 秦皇岛 066004;3. 燕山大学电气工程学院,河北 秦皇岛 066004;4. 北京航天研究所,北京 100094）

创新点说明：

1）将图像分割方法——空洞卷积用于卷积神经网络进行高光谱图像分类,提取更加广泛、抽象的图像特征。

2）构建基于多尺度空洞卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类方法。搭建多尺度聚合结构,在每个通道中使用快捷连接和空洞卷积结构,有效提取图像特征,避免信息丢失。

研究目的：

针对图像信息丢失问题,得到高精度的高光谱图像分类方法。

研究方法：

在Indian Pines和Pavia University数据集上,与4个已有的高光谱图像分类方法进行对比实验,比较OA, AA和Kappa值。

研究结果：

多尺度空洞卷积神经网络在Indian Pines和Pavia University数据集上OA值分别达到了99.58%,99.92%。AA值分别达到了99.57%,99.90%。Kappa分别达到了99.52%,99.89%。

结论：

1）在卷积神经网络中引入空洞卷积,可以有效避免图像信息丢失。

2）多尺度空洞卷积神经网络能提取更佳的判别性特征,实现高分类性能。

关键词：多尺度聚合;空洞卷积;高光谱图像分类;快捷连接

     

Amyloidogenic Properties of Peptides Derived from the VHL Tumor Suppressor Protein

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is involved in maintaining cellular oxygen homeostasis through the regulated degradation of HIF-α. The intrinsically disordered nature of pVHL makes it prone to aggregation that impairs its function, and this is further aggravated in mutant versions of the protein, thus promoting tumor development. By using in silico analysis, we predicted six peptide fragments from pVHL to be amyloidogenic. This was verified for two of the peptides by biophysical approaches, which demonstrated self-assembly and formation of β-sheet-rich aggregates, which, under transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, displayed typical fibrillar amyloid characteristics. These motifs may serve as proxies for exploring the nature of pVHL aggregation.     

面向主动需求响应的需求侧荷源二重性建模方法

以面向主动需求响应的荷源二重性建模方法为主题,从需求侧灵活性资源参与电网调度的视角分析了国内外在荷源二重性建模方面的研究成果,按照研究对象划分,负荷跟随电源（load-follows-generation, LFG）模型分为一般负荷、储能设备、分布式能源及其组合,对负荷响应建模、优化目标、约束条件、调度方法、控制方式等进行阐述,阐述了负荷跟随发电的模式能够实现主动需求响应,优化负荷曲线,缓解发电侧调度压力,促进可再生能源消纳。     

The Antithrombotic Agent Pterostilbene Interferes with Integrin αIIbβ3-Mediated Inside-Out and Outside-In Signals in Human Platelets

Platelets play a crucial role in the physiology of primary hemostasis and pathological processes such as arterial thrombosis; thus, developing a therapeutic target that prevents platelet activation can reduce arterial thrombosis. Pterostilbene (PTE) has remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer and neuroprotection. Few studies have reported the effects of pterostilbene on platelet activation. Thus, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of pterostilbene in human platelets and its role in vascular thrombosis prevention in mice. At low concentrations (2–8 μM), pterostilbene strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, pterostilbene markedly diminished Lyn, Fyn, and Syk phosphorylation and hydroxyl radical formation stimulated by collagen. Moreover, PTE directly hindered integrin α_IIbβ₃ activation through interfering with PAC-1 binding stimulated by collagen. In addition, pterostilbene affected integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated outside-in signaling, such as integrin β₃, Src, and FAK phosphorylation, and reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen as well as thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Furthermore, pterostilbene substantially prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation in mice. This study demonstrated that pterostilbene exhibits a strong activity against platelet activation through the inhibition of integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, suggesting that pterostilbene can serve as a therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.     

Solubility and Aggregation of Selected Proteins Interpreted on the Basis of Hydrophobicity Distribution

Protein solubility is based on the compatibility of the specific protein surface with the polar aquatic environment. The exposure of polar residues to the protein surface promotes the protein’s solubility in the polar environment. The aquatic environment also influences the folding process by favoring the centralization of hydrophobic residues with the simultaneous exposure to polar residues. The degree of compatibility of the residue distribution, with the model of the concentration of hydrophobic residues in the center of the molecule, with the simultaneous exposure of polar residues is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the chain. The fuzzy oil drop model enables the quantification of the degree of compatibility of the hydrophobicity distribution observed in the protein to a form fully consistent with the Gaussian 3D function, which expresses an idealized distribution that meets the preferences of the polar water environment. The varied degrees of compatibility of the distribution observed with the idealized one allow the prediction of preferences to interactions with molecules of different polarity, including water molecules in particular. This paper analyzes a set of proteins with different levels of hydrophobicity distribution in the context of the solubility of a given protein and the possibility of complex formation.