Comparative study of the Cd. Cu and Pb determination by AAS and by ICP-AES in river water : Application to a mediterranean river (Congost river, Catalonia, Spain)

The accuracy, precision, detection limit and rapidity in the determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in river water by AAS determination, previous extraction with APDC-MIBK system, is compared with direct determination method ICP-AES. Both methods show a similar detection limit and an analogous accuracy by the addition standard method. With a calibration curve only ICP-AES presents good accuracy, this technique is advantageous in long term precision and requires minimum sample preparation. The sample stability at different temperature conservation is studied. Finally both methods are applied to the determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in Congost river water.     

硅烷接枝聚乙烯的表征

采用红外光谱(IR)测定了乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A 171)接枝聚乙烯的硅烷特征吸收峰的吸光比,使用电感藕合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测得硅烷接枝LLDPE、LDPE和HDPE的接枝率分别为0.671%~0.988%、0.349%~0.972%和0.254%~0.750%,与IR谱图结合,得到了吸光比与接枝率的标准工作曲线;采用核磁共振仪(NM R)测定了硅烷接枝聚乙烯的1H和13C谱图,测算了接枝率和结构变化,验证了IR和ICP-AES的结果。     

ICP-AES法测定塑料中的钙铅钡

本文叙述了 ICP-AES 法测定塑料中钙、铅、钡的过程,方法简便,RSD 为1.2～10%,回收率96～98%。     

钙乙酸分离-三氯化铝浸取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定地质样品中氟化钙

采用传统EDTA滴定法测定地质样品中氟化钙(CaF₂),操作过程复杂,涉及强碱、强酸等试剂用量大,滴定终点不易判断,严重影响了CaF₂的准确测定。采用钙乙酸分离碳酸钙(CaCO₃)、氧化钙(CaO)等杂质相钙,过滤后的滤渣用AlCl₃·6H₂O溶液浸取CaF₂,再使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定Ca,换算成CaF₂,最终实现了地质样品中CaF₂的测定。在选定的仪器条件下,试验探讨了乙酸(1+9)和钙乙酸分离杂质相钙的效果,以及样品粒度、钙乙酸浓度、水浴温度和AlCl₃·6H₂O溶液用量等关键因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明:使用乙酸(1+9)分离杂质相钙会使CaF₂溶失导致测定结果偏低,而使用钙乙酸分离杂质相钙可有效降低CaF₂的溶失;实验确定了样品粒度为0.106～0.074 mm,钙乙酸溶液(以Ca计)质量浓度为0.8 g/L,水浴温度为95 ℃,AlCl₃·6H₂O溶液用量为25 mL。校准曲线中Ca的线性范围为5.00～50.00 μg/mL,线性回归方程为I=462.13ρ+16.863,线性相关系数r为0.999 9; CaF₂检出限为5.1 mg/kg,定量限为16.8 mg/kg。按照实验方法测定具有代表性的典型实际地质样品中CaF₂,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.22%～0.44%。经实际地质样品分析和标准物质验证,CaF₂测定值与参考值/认定值相符。方法有效解决了地质样品前处理物相分离损失CaF₂、测定结果误差大、不宜批量生产等影响CaF₂快速准确测定的问题。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定Ni-Cu-Li/SiO2催化剂中镍铜锂

准确测定Ni-Cu-Li/SiO₂催化剂中镍、铜、锂含量,对Ni-Cu-Li/SiO₂催化剂的催化性能影响因素研究意义重大。试验采用5mL盐酸-3mL硝酸-4mL氢氟酸消解体系,于160℃密闭消解样品100min后,选择 Ni 231.604nm、Cu 327.396nm、Li 670.784nm为分析谱线,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定镍、铜、锂,建立了Ni-Cu-Li/SiO₂催化剂中镍、铜、锂的测定方法。各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999;镍、铜、锂的检出限分别为0.0006%、0.0002%和0.00005%,定量限分别为0.002%、0.0007%和0.0002%。按照实验方法测定两个Ni-Cu-Li/SiO₂催化剂样品中镍、铜、锂,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均小于4.0%;加标回收率为90%~103%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锆铪合金中磷铁铪

锆铪合金性能优异、应用广泛,其化学成分须准确测定。试验采用10mL盐酸-2mL氢氟酸-1mL硝酸消解样品,选择P 178.221nm、Fe 239.562nm、Hf 277.336nm为分析线并采用两点校正法扣除背景,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定锆铪合金中磷、铁、铪的分析方法。各元素校准曲线线性良好,相关系数均不小于0.999;方法测定范围为:0.002%~0.036%磷,0.01%~0.36%铁,1.00%~5.00%铪。方法中各元素检出限为0.000032%~0.0019%(质量分数)。按照实验方法测定1个锆铪合金样品中磷、铁、铪,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)小于3%;回收率为94%~107%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛及钛合金中铬和铜

铬、铜含量影响钛及钛合金组织结构和性能,须对其准确测定。采用硫酸-硝酸溶样体系溶解样品,选择Cr 267.716nm、Cu 327.393nm为分析线并采用两点校正法扣除背景,使用钛基体匹配的方法绘制校准曲线,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钛及钛合金中铬和铜。方法中各元素校准曲线线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999;检出限为0.04~6.0μg/g。按照实验方法测定3个钛及钛合金样品中铬和铜,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)小于5%。按照实验方法测定5个钛合金标准物质中铬和铜,测定结果与认定值相吻合,分析误差在实验室允许的误差范围内。     

ICP—AES法测定硼酸钆铝激光晶体中Nd的含量

应用 ICP—AES 法测定硼酸钆铝激光晶体中的 Nd。在石英坩埚650℃用 KHSO_4分解样品,Tm 被选择作内标元素。回收率为97—102%,相对标准偏差为2.4%。方法简便,可获得满意的分析结果。     

微波消解/ICP-AES法测定面制食品中五种常量元素的含量

基于国标法对食物中五种常量元素(Ca、Fe、Na、K、Zn)检测的缺陷,本文探讨了用ICP-AES法测定面制食品中五种常量元素,与国家标准测试方法相比,微波消解/ICP-AES法测定样品更具优势,该方法的线性范围为0.1～30μg/mL,检出限低于0.01μg/mL,RSD小于0.5%。与传统的酸解法样品处理相比,不但分析结果相吻合,而且更具有快速、高效、污染少等优点,完全能满足食品分析的要求。     

Ultrasonic assisted enzymatic digestion (USAED) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry as a powerful tool for total selenium and selenium species control in Se-enriched food supplements

The suitability of hyphenated USAED with HPLC separation and ET-AAS determination as a new rapid methodology for Se control in Se-enriched food supplements is demonstrated. Total Se determination and Se speciation are accomplished in a single sample treatment using low sample amounts (ca. 10 mg), and low extracting volume (1 mL). The total Se content in seven of the 10 Se-enriched supplements studied was in agreement with the values obtained after microwave pressurized acid digestion, MW, (test t, p = 0.05). The Se species studied were Se(IV), Se(VI), SeMet, SeMeSeCys, and SeCys₂, being some of the most common found in the 10 supplements studied. Although SeMet was the Se species expected to be present at the highest concentration in most Se-enriched food supplements, we detected it in only three of the 10 samples studied. In the other seven samples, two of them had Se(IV) as the main Se species. The other five supplements had Se species that did not match with any of the five standards selected by us. We have also systematically demonstrated that ultrasonication does not alter the following Se species: Se(IV), Se(VI), SeMet, SeMeSeCys, and SeCys₂. The new procedure can be easily adapted to more Se species and can be routinely used for Se control in Se-enriched food supplements. Concerning the supplements studied, our results suggest that stricter control on the Se content in enriched food supplements in terms of Se species will need to become mandatory.