祁连山北麓牧区植被生长季不同等级降水时空变化特征

以祁连山北麓肃南县牧区为研究区,选取周边7个气象站1961-2016年的日降水资料,采用气候倾向率、Hurst指数、Mann-Kendall检验和反距离加权插值等方法,对肃南县植被生长季降水的时空变化特征进行研究。结果表明:肃南县植被生长季降水量和降水强度距平百分率趋势显著增加,而降水日数增加趋势不显著;植被生长季降水量和降水强度在1998年发生显著突变,而降水日数无显著突变;植被生长季降水以小雨为主,中雨降水变异系数较大,但近年来趋于稳定上升状态;植被生长季降水日数和降水强度在空间上呈东南多西北少,小雨降水分布与其分布类似,而中雨强度呈南少北多的空间分布差异;小雨对肃南县植被生长季降水量贡献较大,但近年来中雨比小雨增加明显,降水时空分布呈不均衡发展趋势。     

重力不同引起的载人月球车操纵差异分析

为分析月球与地球重力差异对驾驶员所带来的操纵影响,推导了载人月球车操纵动力学方程.基于径向基神经网络和间接逆模型的训练方法,建立以行驶轨迹为输入、驾驶员操纵转角为输出的载人月球车操纵动力学逆系统.采用两种不同类型的间接对比形式,包括地球重力条件下重复月面行驶的轨迹路线和月球重力条件下重复地面行驶的轨迹路线.将正弦函数和斜坡阶越函数作为驾驶员操纵输入,获得月球或地球重力条件下的行驶轨迹,并利用逆系统求解得到不同重力条件下行驶相同轨迹时驾驶员的操纵转角.结果表明,驾驶员在月球重力条件下需要做出更大的操纵转向角度、更快的操纵转向速度、更高的操纵转向变换频率,并且在月球重力条件下更不容易重复地球重力条件下的相同行驶轨迹.这说明载人月球车在月球重力条件下的操纵性能较差.     

ISAR imaging algorithm for targets with the complex motion based on the high-order ambiguity function-Lv's distribution

In ISAR imaging for targets with the complex motion, since the azimuth high order phase terms caused by the time-varying rotation vector will deteriorate the azimuth focusing quality, the traditional RD algorithm and LFM model are not appropriate. Thereby, in the case when the received signal can be modeled as cubic phase signals (CPSs), this paper proposes an ISAR imaging algorithm based on HAF-LVD (high-order ambiguity function-Lv's distribution). First, this algorithm defines a novel double lag parametric instantaneous autocorrelation function, and then applies the scaling operator to remove the coupling and utilizes FFT to achieve the energy accumulation. Finally, the non-searching estimation of the moving parameter and the ISAR images for targets are accomplished by the obtained HAF-LVD. Because of the introduction of the scaling factor, this algorithm can flexibly deal with more changeful and hostile ISAR environment without loss of the anti-noise performance and computational efficiency. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the ISAR imaging approach.     

基于多尺度相关向量机的城市日用水量预测

为提高日用水量预测精度,提出一种基于多尺度相关向量机的预测模型。通过静态小波分解将用水量非平稳时间序列分解为不同尺度的平稳时间序列,然后在分解后的各子序列分别建立相关向量机回归模型进行预测,最后通过小波逆变换将各子序列预测结果整合得出原始用水量时间序列的预测值。在实例分析中分别利用多尺度关联向量机模型和单尺度相关向量机预测模型对实际用水量进行预测分析。结果表明,前者具有更高的预测精度,可应用于城市日用水量的预测。     

一种烟草包装机凸轮机构的反求方法

为反求出烟草包装机中的凸轮机构,并建立起一种凸轮机构的反求方法,本文利用现代测绘技术和计算机模拟技术,构建了凸轮机构的模拟模型.通过对凸轮机构进行运动学模拟分析,得到了它的位移曲线、速度曲线和加速度曲线,计算出了凸轮机构的设计参数,并应用最小二乘法计算出了从动件的运动规律函数.同时,还以平行分度凸轮为例,验证了该反求方法的可靠性.结果显示:拟合出的从动件运动规律与模拟得到的各项性能曲线比较吻合;反求出的凸轮轮廓与测绘出的凸轮轮廓比较吻合.因此,该种凸轮反求方法比较准确,可近似计算出凸轮的设计运动规律.     

Grid-Based Path Planner Using Multivariant Optimization Algorithm

To solve the shortest path planning problems on grid-based map efficiently, a novel heuristic path planning approach based on an intelligent swarm optimization method called Multivariant Optimization Algorithm (MOA) and a modified indirect encoding scheme are proposed. In MOA, the solution space is iteratively searched through global exploration and local exploitation by intelligent searching individuals, who are named as atoms. MOA is employed to locate the shortest path through iterations of global path planning and local path refinements in the proposed path planning approach. In each iteration, a group of global atoms are employed to perform the global path planning aiming at finding some candidate paths rapidly and then a group of local atoms are allotted to each candidate path for refinement. Further, the traditional indirect encoding scheme is modified to reduce the possibility of constructing an infeasible path from an array. Comparative experiments against two other frequently use intelligent optimization approaches: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are conducted on benchmark test problems of varying complexity to evaluate the performance of MOA. The results demonstrate that MOA outperforms GA and PSO in terms of optimality indicated by the length of the located path.     

混杂PVA-ECC配合比优化设计及力学性能试验研究

为了降低工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC, Engineered Cementitious Composites)制造成本,使ECC能够在实际工程中大规模应用,将中国产PVA纤维和日本产PVA纤维以一定的比例混合,配制混杂PVA-ECC。基于ECC的材料设计理论,兼顾抗压强度和受拉能力,对掺有硅粉的混杂PVA-ECC中的纤维体积含量进行了优化设计。通过四点弯曲试验和轴心抗压试验,研究了混杂PVA-ECC在不同龄期下的弯曲性能和抗压性能。试验结果表明,混杂PVA-ECC试件均表现出明显的应变硬化和多缝开裂的特征,此外,其抗压强度后期增长明显。基于UM法,提出一种改进的反分析方法,可利用四点弯曲试验结果推导ECC的极限拉伸应变,并与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,通过建议的反分析方法得到的预测值与试验值吻合较好。     

废水的反歧化生物脱氮技术研究进展

自荷兰学者Strous等在反硝化过程中发现了生物反歧化脱氮(厌氧氨氧化)现象之后,该技术在近十余年中已经成为废水脱氮领域的研究热点问题之一.并由于低廉的运行成本和快速的脱氮效率,而使其在高氨氮废水脱氮领域中具有广阔的应用前景.本文总结了生物反歧化脱氮技术的研究与应用发展过程,并对该技术的实际工程运用前景进行了展望.     

Robust lane recognition for structured road based on monocular vision

A robust lane detection and tracking system based on monocular vision is presented in this paper.First,the lane detection algorithm can transform raw images into top view images by inverse perspective mapping(IPM),and detect both inner sides of the lane accurately from the top view images.Then the system will turn to lane tracking procedures to extract the lane according to the information of last frame.If it fails to track the lane,lane detection will be triggered again until the true lane is found.In this system,θ-oriented Hough transform is applied to extract candidate lane markers,and a geometrical analysis of the lane candidates is proposed to remove the outliers.Additionally,vanishing point and region of interest(ROI)dynamically planning are used to enhance the accuracy and efficiency.The system was tested under various road conditions,and the result turned out to be robust and reliable.     

气雾射流动态传热实验研究

设计搭建了气雾射流动态传热实验装置,建立了二维非稳态导热反问题模型,研究了表面温度和表面热流密度的时间分布.结果表明在冷却过程中缸体穿越喷射区与淌水区历经了几个不同的换热阶段,温度曲线出现了明显的周期性的特点,成功的模拟了连铸二冷气雾冷却周期性换热的特征.