基于时空特性以及需求响应的DG和EV充电站多目标优化配置

针对可再生分布式电源(DG)及电动汽车(EV)大规模接入给配电网带来的用电量增长以及电压波动问题,提出一种基于时空特性以及需求响应的DG和EV充电站多目标协调优化配置方法.通过提取城市路网的拓扑结构,监测路网流量,基于交通规划软件TransCAD进行起讫点(OD)矩阵反推,构建出行概率矩阵以描述用户的出行特性;基于蒙特卡洛方法模拟EV的时空分布特性,考虑EV、DG与常规负荷的时序特性,并基于改进K-means算法构建风-光-负荷的典型运行场景;兼顾电网侧与用户侧,以综合效益、系统负荷波动以及充电耗时成本为目标,构建DG和EV充电站的多目标联合配置模型,并采用改进粒子群优化算法进行求解.结合IEEE 33节点配电网与某城区主干道路网模型进行仿真分析,结果验证了所建模型的有效性与可行性.     

Regional mass flux balancing for controlling gentle soil remediation operations

Extraction of heavy metals by accumulating plants is a method which is currently in development for the "gentle" remediation of contaminated agricultural soils (phytoremediation, see [2]). Areal contaminant mass flux balances are basic criteria for the design of such remediations and their control. A framework for the integration of contaminant balances relating the field scale of remediation with the regional scale of soil monitoring networks is provided by the recently developed method PROTERRA [3]. The objective of the study presented in this paper was to test the suitability of PROTERRA for planning and monitoring gentle soil remediations. For this purpose we applied the PROTERRA method to the contaminated agricultural land in and around Dornach, Switzerland, to assess copper flux balances.The calculations showed that atmospheric deposition and the application of pesticides and manure are important pathways for the inputs of copper. The copper export with a special maize cultivar accumulating heavy metals would be about three times higher than the average metal export with crops. A moderate increase of sewage sludge application would lead to a substantial increase of the copper input. Decisions to remediate the soil should take the uncertainty of mass flux balances both on field scale as well as on regional scale into account. Therefore, an important need of further development of the PROTERRA method is the integration of uncertainty analysis on both scales.     

Effect of iridoid glycoside content on oviposition host plant choice and parasitism in a specialist herbivore

The Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia feeds upon two host plant species in Å land, Finland, Plantago lanceolataand Veronica spicata, both of which produce iridoid glycosides. Iridoids are known to deter feeding or decrease the growth rate of many generalist insect herbivores, but they often act as oviposition cues to specialist butterflies and are feeding stimulants to their larvae. In this study, two iridoid glycosides (aucubin and catalpol) were analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. We measured the spatial and temporal variation of iridoid glycosides in natural populations of the host plants of M. cinxia. We also analyzed the aucubin and catalpol content in plants in relation to their use by ovipositing females, and in relation to the incidence of parasitism of M. cinxia larvae in natural populations. The mean concentrations of aucubin and catalpol were higher in P. lanceolata than in V. spicata, and catalpol concentrations were higher than aucubin concentrations in both host species. Plantago lanceolata individuals that were used for oviposition by M. cinxia had higher aucubin concentrations than random plants and neighboring plants. Additionally, oviposition and random plants had higher catalpol concentrations than neighboring plants, indicating that ovipositing females select for high iridoid glycoside plants or that oviposition induces iridoid glycoside production in P. lanceolata. Parasitism by the specialist parasitoid wasp Cotesia melitaearum occurred most frequently in larval groups that were feeding on plants with low concentrations of catalpol, irrespective of year, population, and host plant species. Therefore, parasitoids appear to avoid or perform poorly in host larvae with high catalpol content.     

Learning control in spatial coordinates for the path-following of autonomous vehicles

We prove the existence of a P-type (proportional-type) space-learning control, which, on the basis of a kinematic third order nonlinear model of an autonomous nonholonomic vehicle and by a proper choice of the proportional control gain, guarantees asymptotic tracking of planar curves whose uncertain curvature is L$L$-periodic in the curvilinear abscissa. The behavior of a human driver, who repetitively learns the correct action from the past experience in the space, is mathematically reproduced. A stability analysis is presented while simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.     

北京地面沉降与地下水开采时空演变对比

区域地面沉降是世界上很多城市都要面对的一种"城市病"。地下水过量开采是这一问题最普遍的原因,北京也因此出现了严重的地面沉降问题。为了全面认识地下水开采格局变化下的地面沉降发育分布的新特点,推动实现《北京地面沉降防治规划(2013-2020年)》中的"控沉目标",对北京市从解放初期至今60多年间的地下水开采和地面沉降演变进行了时间和空间上的定性定量对比分析。结果表明:地面沉降的形成发展阶段与地下水开发利用阶段高度吻合;地面沉降中心区与地下水位降落漏斗区的时空变化高度相关;随着地下水开采深度整体上向地表以下更深层发展,主沉降层逐渐向深部(100m以下)地层转移,为地面沉降防控决策制定提供了依据。     

水位下降条件下西安D7裂缝土体孔隙变化特征试验

为研究压缩性土体在孔隙水压力下降下所引起的孔隙变化特征,选取孔隙度及分形维数作为评判指标,以西安D7地裂缝两侧可压缩性土层为研究对象,借助三维CT扫描成像技术,依托Matlab计算平台及VG Studio Max图像处理软件,对在水位下降过程中可压缩性土体压缩变形引起的孔隙度和分形维数孔隙变化进行定量评价,并探讨了固结压缩过程中土体孔隙分形维数的变化规律及其影响因素。研究表明:孔隙度随压缩进行大幅降低,由压缩前4.36%降至0.61%;土体分形维数与孔隙度、上覆压力均呈线性相关性,相关系数分别为0.947 2和0.966 0;而且分形维数可以很好的表征孔隙分布特点,是孔隙度的有效补充;通过分析土样孔隙度与分形维数关系,为后期建立区域上地裂缝—地下水开采耦合模型提供参数赋值基础。     

Robust control of variable speed autonomous underwater vehicle

Set point tracking control of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) via robust model predictive control (RMPC) is considered. Input-constrained RMPC with integral action, which has been developed in our previous work, is used to control the AUV in this study. In order to derive a RMPC control rule, non-linear dynamics of AUV with six degree of freedom is linearized at certain operating points. So, horizontal and vertical plane dynamics of system are represented by linear models which have polytopic uncertainties. Since the derived control rule will be used in real time, the computation time should be reduced. To overcome this computational time problem and get rid of trial–error step of Algorithm 1, a new algorithm is proposed here. The simulations are carried out using the control rule based on this algorithm and these results are presented.     

智能电动车辆横纵向协调与重构控制

针对具有高度非线性、强耦合和冗余特性的智能电动车辆运动控制问题,提出了一种由协调控制律和控制分配律组成的横纵向综合控制新方法.首先,建立准确表征智能电动车辆行为机理的动力学模型;其次,采用非奇异滑模控制技术,引入非线性滑动模态切换面,设计有效克服非线性及不确定特性的协调控制律,保证系统状态在有限时间内收敛至平衡点;在此基础上,考虑到轮胎存在冗余和耦合特性,提出基于内点法的控制分配算法来完成期望广义力/力矩的优化分配,实现轮胎横纵向力的协调与重构.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于城市小区域的车联网模型

随着社会进步及车辆增多,交通问题日益突出,使得城市环境下车联网的研究受到越来越多的关注。基于真实数据的分析和验证,可以得到城市不同区域的车联网网络度分布服从广义的幂律分布,即网络是无标度网络。根据此性质利用复杂网络理论建立车联网网络模型,通过分析和仿真验证该模型的正确性和有效性。     

GPS坏值检测在弹载惯导空中对准中的应用

基于Kalman滤波理论,设计了GPS辅助条件下的弹载捷联惯导空中对准算法。针对高动态环境下GPS信号跟踪性能差的问题,利用卡尔曼滤波器残差设计了一种基于残差统计特性的坏值检测算法,对GPS提供的量测数据进行实时的坏值检测与隔离。导航试验车跑车试验对上述算法进行验证,结果证明该算法可实时有效检测出GPS数据中的坏值信息,隔离后可显著提高空中对准算法的精度,具有出色的容错能力和重要的工程应用价值。