Crystallization-induced valence state change of Mn2+ → Mn4+ in LiNaGe4O9 glass-ceramics

Tetra-valent manganese (Mn⁴⁺) has been regarded as an efficient non-rare-earth red-light emitting ion, which has stimulated continued search of robust hosts and efficient synthetic methods to stabilize Mn⁴⁺ centers with strong photoluminescence. In this work, we demonstrate a facile synthetic method for Mn⁴⁺ doped glass-ceramic (GC) based on crystallization-induced oxidation state change in an oxide glass. The parent glass with a formula of LiNaGe₄O₉ is fabricated by melt-quenching and crystallization is induced by thermal treatment in air. Oxidation of Mn²⁺ in glass to Mn⁴⁺ in the GC is confirmed by both optical spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. After thermal treatment, the characteristic reddish photoluminescence (PL) of Mn²⁺ in the glass centered at 611 nm disappears and a strong photoluminescence peak at 660 nm attributed to Mn⁴⁺ is observed. The conversion to Mn⁴⁺ after crystallization in the examined system may have strong implications for synthesis of Mn⁴⁺ doped phosphors which always requires rigorous control of the redox equilibrium during synthesis.     

Reversible and irreversible domain wall dynamics in [011]C oriented relaxor ferroelectric single crystals

Domain wall motions mainly affect all kinds of properties of ferroelectric materials, such as piezoelectricity, dielectric response, and mechanical loss, and the extrinsic contributions associated with domain wall motions have always been an important issue. In this study, the reversible and irreversible extrinsic contributions to the dielectric properties of [011]_C-oriented 0.27Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-0.46Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.27PbTiO₃:Mn single crystals have been extracted by the Rayleigh analysis. We found that in the unpoled samples, the extrinsic contributions of reversible and irreversible domain wall motions to dielectric properties significantly reduced, whereas after poling, only the irreversible extrinsic contribution decreased. The pinning effect in the 2R domain structure is much weaker than that in the 4R domain structure, leading to the low enhancement of Q_m and a slight decrease in piezoelectricity caused by acceptor doping in 2R domain structure. This study explores the domain wall dynamics of acceptor-doped single crystals and mainly guides on further performance optimization in PbTiO₃-based relaxor single crystals.     

等离子冷床炉单次熔炼制备Ti-2Al-1.5Mn合金

主要介绍了等离子冷床炉单次熔炼制备Ti-2Al-1.5Mn钛合金铸锭在化学成分、组织、内部品质等方面的情况。结果表明,首次使用PAM炉单次熔炼法制备出航空领域工业级厚330mm、宽750mm、长1 000~2 500mm的钛合金扁锭,其化学成分可控且均匀性较好,纵横向组织均匀细小。此外,获得PAM炉单次熔炼法制备的钛合金扁锭全截面低倍组织图谱特征。铸锭经加工变形后获得的板材产品理化性能满足技术要求。     

Neoteric Mn2+-activated Cs3Cu2I5 dazzling yellow-emitting phosphors for white-LED

Neoteric Mn²⁺-activated Cs₃Cu₂I₅ yellow-emitting halides were achieved by the simple solid-state reaction route. The near-ultraviolet light was the suitable excitation lighting source for the resultant halides. The resultant halides exhibited bright yellow emission under the excitation of 378 nm and the optimum dopant content was 11 mol%. The multipole-multipole interaction contributed to the concentration quenching mechanism and the critical distance was 28.65 Å. The thermal resistance of the prepared compounds was identified by the temperature-dependent emission spectra. Ultimately, the designed light-emitting diode showed bright white light with satisfied color rendering index, proper color coordinate, and suitable correlated color temperature. These results indicated that the prepared yellow-emitting halides were suitable for indoor illumination.     

Novel preparation and high electrical performance effect of Mn-doped ultra-high surface area activated carbon (USAC) as an additive for Ni hybrid capacitors

This paper reports the synthesis of various molar concentrations of manganese (Mn)-doped Ultra-High Surface area Activated Carbon (USAC) additives and their efficient use as cathode materials for supercapacitors. We synthesized the nanoparticles via a novel and facile dip-coating process and characterized them in detail by various analytical techniques. The SEM, EDAX, and XPS results showed that the Mn ions were successfully substituted on the USAC additives’ layered structure without any structural changes. The long cyclic stability of the as-prepared Mn-doped USAC additives was tested as a cathode material for supercapacitors at different current densities. The detailed experimental results showed that the Mn dopant content crucially determines the electrochemical performances of the USAC additives. Electrochemical measurements showed that the MnCEP-S600HTT with 0.10 mol% molar concentration of Mn dopant gives the best cycling performances. It delivers a discharge capacity of 262.9 mAh g^?1 after 100 cycles. Further increasing the current density to 1000 mA g^?1 allowed it to still maintain 253.6 mAh g^?1 after 200 cycles. We confirmed that the structure of Mn-doped USAC additives is an important pole to improve the structural stability and electrochemical properties.     

大气等离子喷涂制备SOFC连接体Cu/Mn/Co金属防护涂层

为了进一步提高固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）连接体防护涂层的电导率,采用大气等离子喷涂技术（APS）制备了Cu/Mn/Co金属涂层．研究了不同喷涂工艺参数对涂层性能的影响,以及涂层在800 ℃下的氧化行为．通过XRD,SEM及EDS表征涂层高温氧化过程中的相结构、表面形貌和微观结构演变,采用直流四电极法测量涂层的高温电导率．结果表明,800 ℃下氧化使金属涂层转变成了MnCo₂O₄/Cu_xMn_3-xO₄相．氧化初期,涂层表面和底部出现富Cu层;随氧化时间增加,富Cu层逐渐消失,Cu元素均匀分布在涂层中;当氧化120 h时,涂层表层的CuO层已不连续,与涂层分层且产生微裂纹．同时发现,长时间氧化后涂层截面明显致密化,形成了顶部致密、底部多孔的结构．此外,电流为550 A的涂层试样（No.2）尖晶石相最多,涂层致密度最高,其电导率也最高．800 ℃下氧化120 h后,电流为500,550和600 A的三种涂层试样（No.1~No.3）电导率分别为59.68S,93.55和85.72 S/cm,并且氧化过程中电导率保持稳定．所制备的金属涂层和尖晶石涂层均表现出较好的阻Cr扩散效果,Cr主要以Cr₂O₃的形式富集在基体和涂层的结合处．      

Oxidative-coupling reaction of TNT reduction products by manganese oxide

Abiotic transformation of TNT reduction products via oxidative-coupling reaction was investigated using Mn oxide. In batch experiments, all the reduction products tested were completely transformed by birnessite, one of natural Mn oxides present in soil. Oxidative-coupling was the major transformation pathway, as confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. Using observed pseudo-first-order rate constants with respect to birnessite loadings, surface area-normalized specific rate constants, ksurf, were determined. As expected, ksurf of diaminonitrotoluenes (DATs) (1.49-1.91L/m2 d) are greater about 2 orders than that of dinitroaminotoluenes (DNTs) (1.15 x 10(-2)-2.09 x 10(-2)L/m2d) due to the increased number of amine group. In addition, by comparing the value of ksurf between DNTs or DATs, amine group on ortho position is likely to be more preferred for the oxidation by birnessite. Although cross-coupling of TNT in the presence of various mediator compounds was found not to be feasible, transformation of TNT by reduction using Fe0 followed by oxidative-coupling using Mn oxide was efficient, as evaluated by UV-visible spectrometry.     

The role of Mn2+-rich hydrous manganese oxide in the accumulation of arsenic in lake sediments

Arsenic is present at high concentrations in the upper layer of Lake Biwa sediments and shows a depth profile similar to that of Mn. Adsorption experiments of As onto synthetic hydrous Mn oxide (HMO) in the presence of Mn²⁺ and the speciation of Mn in the sediment cores, suggest that the accumulation of As at the sediment surface results from post-depositional migration of arsenite in the sediment pore water followed by oxidation to arsenate at the sediment surface and adsorption onto Mn²⁺-rich HMO.