锂离子正极材料LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_2的制备及其性能研究

以尿素为沉淀剂,以乙二醇为溶剂,通过溶剂热法制备出多级前躯体Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1CO3,通过焙烧该前躯体和LiOH·H2O的混合物制备出高比容量的锂离子正极材料LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2。采用XRD、FESEM及恒流充放电测试对材料的结构、形貌和电化学进行表征,结果表明,合成的产物形貌均一,有高结晶度。在0.1 C倍率下,放电比容量为194.6 mAh g-1;当放电倍率提高到2.0 C时,该材料仍然具有78.4mAhg-1的放电比容量,并且该材料在各个倍率下具有良好的稳定性。在1.0 C的放电倍率下,经过50次循环,放电容量保持率为92.5%。     

Fe-4Mn-1.5Al-0.5Si-0.2C-0.05Nb中锰钢的热变形行为研究

针对较高Mn含量会导致中锰钢成本提高、出现偏析而限制其应用的问题,设计了一种能够满足1 000 MPa级别性能要求(抗拉强度R_m>1 000 MPa,总伸长率A>30%)的中锰钢,其成分为Fe-4Mn-1.5Al-0.5Si-0.2C-0.05Nb。通过绘制实验钢在不同应变速率和变形温度下的真应力-真应变曲线,并结合组织观察,研究了实验钢的热变形行为,尤其是应变速率和变形温度对实验钢热变形行为的影响规律,并最终获得了实验钢的动态再结晶图和本构方程。结果表明：变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高均会抑制动态再结晶的发生;低应变速率(0.1 s^-1)下的所有样品均会发生完全动态再结晶;中应变速率(1 s^-1)下,变形温度为800℃的样品只发生部分动态再结晶;高应变速率(10 s^-1)下,不发生完全动态再结晶的变形温度扩大至800～950℃;实验钢的本构方程为■。动态再结晶图和本构方程的确定对实际生产中轧制工艺的设计、得到具备优良性能的特定类型的微观组织具有重要意义。     

Separation of Co(II) and Mn(II) from sulphate media via a HFSLM: Reaction flux model and experimental verification

Separation of Co(II) and Mn(II) from sulphate media through triple HFSLM in series using D2EHPA was explored. Mn(II) was extracted preferentially over Co(II) at the pH value of 5, 100 ppm of Co(II) and Mn(II), 5% (v/v) of D2EHPA, 0.2 M HCl. The highest extraction percentage of Mn(II) was 98.14%, and Co(II) remained at 94.05% in the raffinate stream. The reaction order (n) and the reaction rate constant (k_f) were found to be 1.00 and 0.0180 min⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the reaction flux model proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data at an average deviation of 2.24%.     

65Mn弹簧钢盘条相变组织分析

为合理制定65Mn盘条控冷工艺和球化退火工艺,使用热模拟相变膨胀法,结合金相组织分析及硬度试验方法,研究65Mn弹簧钢的组织相变规律。试验测定了65Mn动态连续转变CCT曲线,同时测定了该钢种的Ac1、Ac3、Ar1、Ar3等临界相变点温度,结果表明,当冷却速度低于7 ℃/s时,仅发生铁素体和珠光体组织相变,此时钢中组织为索氏体＋珠光体＋铁素体,索氏体含量随冷却速度的增加而增加。冷却速度大于7 ℃/s时,开始发生马氏体相变。冷却速度大于30 ℃/s时仅发生马氏体相变。采用本试验研究成果,制定了合理的65Mn盘条控冷工艺,生产出了力学性能合格的65Mn盘条。同时制定了合适的盘条球化退火工艺,供下游用户参考,用户使用该工艺对盘条进行球化退火处理,可获得均匀的球化组织。     

The role of Mn2+-rich hydrous manganese oxide in the accumulation of arsenic in lake sediments

Arsenic is present at high concentrations in the upper layer of Lake Biwa sediments and shows a depth profile similar to that of Mn. Adsorption experiments of As onto synthetic hydrous Mn oxide (HMO) in the presence of Mn²⁺ and the speciation of Mn in the sediment cores, suggest that the accumulation of As at the sediment surface results from post-depositional migration of arsenite in the sediment pore water followed by oxidation to arsenate at the sediment surface and adsorption onto Mn²⁺-rich HMO.     

钢脚材质的选用

阐述了选择钢脚材质的思路。详细介绍了 45 Mn2钢用于 2 0 mm杆径的 2 1 0 k N产品、2 4 mm杆径的 3 0 0 k N产品和 2 8mm杆径的 40 0 k N产品作为钢脚材料的试验情况以及批量生产情况 ;通过对 45 Mn2钢材料特性的研究 ,以及在不同等级产品上的试验数据 ,论证了在高强度等级悬式绝缘子中选用 45 Mn2作为钢脚材质的优势     

Synthesis,characterization, and DFT Raman study of pure and Mn-doped LiTaO3 nanofibers

Pure and Mn-doped lithium tantalate nanofibers, with Mn concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%, were synthesized by the electrospinning method. The morphology, microstructure, and crystal structure of as-spun and annealed composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy has shown to be a powerful tool to detect either local variations or changes of the whole structure. Position and width of one Raman line can be used as markers of a structural change. Some vibrational modes are especially associated with the site of Li or Ta ions and so, they can be affected by the introduction of dopant ions. Any damages or local changes in the microstructure can be detected by a line broadening. With the use of Raman spectroscopy, the sites where Mn ions enter the doped structures were established by recording the shift and broadening of peaks in Mn-doped structures with respect to pure lithium tantalate. Thus it was proven that Mn ions enter the Li sites for low Mn concentration and, on the other hand, for higher concentrations, the dopant substitutes Li and Ta sites. First-principles calculations were performed within the density functional theory, including lattice-dynamic calculations of the phonon modes at the zone center (Γ point), for the pure structure, to find the irreducible representation of the modes.     

Catalytic mechanism of manganese ions and visible light on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The bioleaching of chalcopyrite is low cost and environmentally friendly,but the leaching rate is low.To explore the mechanism of chalcopyrite bioleaching and improve its leaching rate,the effect and mecha-nism of manganese ions (Mn2+) and visible light on chalcopyrite mediated by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxi-dans (A.ferrooxidans) were discussed.Bioleaching experiments showed that when both Mn2+ and visible light were present,the copper extraction was 14.38％ higher than that of the control system (with-out Mn2+ and visible light).Moreover,visible light and Mn2+ promoted the growth of A.ferrooxidans.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis revealed that Mn2+ promoted the formation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) on the surface of chalcopyrite,changed the morphology of A.ferrooxidans,enhanced the adsorption of bacteria on chalcopyrite surface with light illumination,and thus promoted the bioleaching of chalcopyrite.UV-vis absorbance spectra indicated that Mn2+ promoted the response of chalcopyrite to visible light and enhanced the catalytic effect of visible light on chalcopyrite bioleaching.Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),the relevant sulfur speciation of chalcopyrite before and after bioleaching were analyzed and the results revealed that visible light and Mn2+ promoted chalcopyrite bioleaching by reducing the formation of pas-sivation layer (Sn2-/S0).Investigation into electrochemical results further indicated that Mn2+ and visible light improved the electrochemical activity of chalcopyrite,thus increasing the bioleaching rate.     

Enhanced Mn2+ solidification and NH4+-N removal from electrolytic manganese metal residue via surfactants

Electrolytic manganese metal residue (EMMR) harmless treatment has always lacked a low-cost and quick processing technology. In this study, surfactants, namely tetradecyl trimethylammonium chloride (TTC), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS), and octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride (OTC), were used in the solidification of Mn²⁺ and removal of NH₄⁺-N from EMMR. The Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺-N concentrations under different reaction conditions, Mn²⁺ solidification and NH₄⁺-N removal mechanisms, and leaching behavior were studied. The results revealed that the surfactants could enhance the Mn²⁺ solidification and NH₄⁺-N removal from EMMR, and the order of enhancement was as follows: TTC > SDBS > OTC > SLS. The NH₄⁺-N and Mn²⁺ concentrations were 12.3 and 0.05 mg·L^-1 with the use of 60.0 mg·kg^-1 TTC under optimum conditions (solid–liquid ratio of 1.5:1, EMMR to BRM mass ratio of 100:8, temperature of 20 ℃, and reaction duration of 12 h), which met the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). Mn²⁺ was mainly solidified as Mn(OH)₂, MnOOH and MnSiO₃, and NH₄⁺-N in EMMR was mostly removed in the form of ammonia. The results of this study could provide a new idea for cost-effective EMMR harmless treatment.     

Oxidative-coupling reaction of TNT reduction products by manganese oxide

Abiotic transformation of TNT reduction products via oxidative-coupling reaction was investigated using Mn oxide. In batch experiments, all the reduction products tested were completely transformed by birnessite, one of natural Mn oxides present in soil. Oxidative-coupling was the major transformation pathway, as confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. Using observed pseudo-first-order rate constants with respect to birnessite loadings, surface area-normalized specific rate constants, ksurf, were determined. As expected, ksurf of diaminonitrotoluenes (DATs) (1.49-1.91L/m2 d) are greater about 2 orders than that of dinitroaminotoluenes (DNTs) (1.15 x 10(-2)-2.09 x 10(-2)L/m2d) due to the increased number of amine group. In addition, by comparing the value of ksurf between DNTs or DATs, amine group on ortho position is likely to be more preferred for the oxidation by birnessite. Although cross-coupling of TNT in the presence of various mediator compounds was found not to be feasible, transformation of TNT by reduction using Fe0 followed by oxidative-coupling using Mn oxide was efficient, as evaluated by UV-visible spectrometry.