Experimental study on vibration-induced clamping force reduction in fuel cell structures

When applied to transportation systems, fuel cell structures are exposed to external mechanical disturbance including shocks and harmonic excitations from operating components. To minimize performance degradation from machine operations, the fuel cell structure needs to be examined via vibration reliability tests. In this study, the reduction in the clamping force of the stack by random vibrations was investigated by experiments. The stack mass and gasket were clamped with bolts for vibration tests. The vibration induced shear movements between clamped stacks. To estimate the vibration input magnitudes, the Dirlik method was used. The reduction in the stack clamping force was estimated using the Basquin's power law. The clamping force decreased by the shear vibration input to the stack structure. The degree of clamping force reduction was larger for the heavier stack. When the stacks were separated by the gasket the reduction became smaller. Through the Dirlik method, the vibration reliability of the stack was evaluated. This information provides severity of the external vibration on the stack functionality.     

Optimization of exhaust emissions,vibration, and noise of a hydrogen enriched fuelled diesel engine

In this study, the effects of various input parameters are examined on exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of an unmodified diesel engine. The primary aim of this study is to optimize the vibration, noise, and exhaust emissions of the engine to get optimal configuration parameters. Experiments were carried out on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-hydrogen blends. To minimize the number of experiments Box-Behnken design (BBD) has been adopted. Optimum desirability is found as 0.862 with hydrogen addition of 4.63 L/min, fuel blend of 26.8% and 1500 rpm engine speed for the diesel engine. When the diesel engine is operated at 1500 rpm engine speed and fuelled with 4.63 L/min hydrogen addition and 26.8% biodiesel blend ratio; the optimum responses of CO, CO₂, NO_x, vibration, and noise are established as 214 ppm, 1.35%, 90.4 ppm, 38.6 m/s², and 91.3 dB[A], respectively. The predicted values were confirmed experimentally and the errors in predicted values are found in a limit range.     

改进的注意机制在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承振动信号易受到非平稳噪声的影响,提出一种改进注意力机制的多尺度内核网络(IA-MKNet),以从含噪振动信号中提取更敏感的特性信号。首先提出一种改进的多尺度卷积注意力机制(IAM),自适应提取有意义的故障特征并自动抑制噪声;然后针对振动信号固有的多时间特征,设计基于IAM的自适应多尺度核残差块来捕获振动信号的多时间尺度故障特征;最后提出一种基于自适应集成学习器的组合策略,通过融合多个IA-MKNets的输出来增加特征的多样性,从而进一步提高诊断的准确性和稳定性。实验结果表明：该方法提高了噪声环境下滚动轴承的故障诊断精度,性能优于其他5种基准方法。     

齿根裂纹下的行星齿轮系统动力学特性研究

基于集总参数法,建立太阳齿轮有裂纹状态下的行星齿轮的动力学模型。提出一种考虑轮齿过渡曲线的啮合刚度改进方法,推导齿轮健康状态和裂纹状态下的时变啮合刚度计算方法,在此基础上求解振动响应。仿真结果表明：当齿根出现裂纹时,齿根的振动响应具有明显的冲击响应特征,且可以获得太阳齿轮故障的特征频率和倍频特性。最后将仿真信号与测试信号进行对比,试验结果与仿真结果吻合性较好,验证了所提动力学模型的有效性。     

轻载装载机变速箱振动特性分析与试验

为了给装载机变速箱减振降噪提供依据,通过集中参数和有限元法相结合的方式对变速箱进行振动分析。综合考虑液力变矩器激励、齿轮系统内部激励等因素,建立装载机变速箱传动系统的弯-扭耦合动力学模型,求解得到各轴承的动态支反力;建立箱体有限元模型,进行模态分析,以轴承动态支反力为激励,在模态的基础上进行箱体谐响应分析,得到箱体在激励下的振动响应,选择箱体表面的振动测点,分析测点的振动加速度,找到并分析振动峰值及对应振型;最后进行变速箱振动试验,验证仿真的正确性。结果表明：传动系统的激励主要集中在输入和输出平行轴齿轮处,传动系统和箱体振动的峰值频率均和齿轮啮合频率相近,变速箱箱体振动较大的位置位于箱体的底部。试验与仿真对比,试验中存在和仿真相近的峰值频率,仿真和试验所得的振动加速度均方根误差值小于20%,验证了仿真的正确性。     

滑块式球形转子泵的振动抑制研究

滑块式球形转子泵结构简单,无工作死点且一周双排量,适用于超微型液压泵,但旋转盘的往复式运动和流量脉动会造成振动加剧。对球形泵进行动力学建模,得到活塞的惯性力偶矩,以及旋转盘运动时产生的陀螺力矩。由力矩曲线可知整体力矩大小取决于陀螺力矩。建立球形泵的容积方程,对其用插值法取得流量变化曲线。采用多泵合成的减振措施,抵消陀螺力矩和流量脉动,降低振动。通过ADAMS-Vibration对整机在力矩作用下的振动响应进行仿真,MATLAB模拟多泵的流量变化曲线,多泵的振动幅值和流量脉动均大幅减小,证明减振措施的有效性。     

基于参数解耦陷波滤波器的工业机器人末端振动抑制

六自由度工业机器人关节因传动装置刚度不足而引发末端振动,通常采用传统陷波滤波器解决该问题;但滤波器参数之间存在耦合,导致滤波器参数难以快速整定。为此,基于所建立的工业机器人双惯量负载模型设计出具有参数解耦的陷波滤波器。分析传统陷波滤波器传递函数,采用极点零点抵消法对陷波器参数进行解耦设计;将陷波器中心频率、宽度以及深度作为陷波滤波器的参数;最后,利用傅里叶变换和对数衰减法快速整定改进后的陷波器参数,以此来抑制工业机器人末端振动。搭建六自由度工业机器人实验平台进行实验。结果表明:参数解耦陷波滤波器不存在参数耦合,参数整定方便;使用参数解耦滤波器比未使用滤波器相比可降低78.5%的工业机器人定位振动,证明改进的参数解耦陷波滤波器对定位振动抑制的可行性与有效性。     

A mechanistic insight into the shaft resistance of vertically vibrating piles

A mechanism for the dynamic shaft resistance of vertically vibrating single end-bearing and infinitely long piles is proposed through the use of elastodynamics. The generalized expression for the shaft resistance is obtained by means of Hamilton's principle. The shaft resistance is divided analytically into three parts, namely, the Winkler spring, the membrane and the participating mass of the surrounding soil. In light of the contributions of these three components of shaft resistance, a physical model is presented for the nature of single piles subjected to dynamic loading. The three components are obtained as explicit forms. The first is linear to the pile settlement. The second is related to the derivative of the second order of the pile settlement. The third involves the participating mass of the surrounding soil. The effect of the properties of the soil-pile system on the dynamic responses of the characteristic coefficients of the shaft resistance is investigated. The results indicate that the Winkler spring contributes the most to the shaft resistance. The contributions of the membrane and the participating mass of the surrounding soil are negligible for cases of high incident frequency.     

Vibration velocity control standard of buried pipeline under blast loading of adjacent tunnel

With the rapid development and construction of China’s transportation system, more and more projects are being conducted near existing buried pipelines, which will inevitably influence the safety of the pipelines. Among the safety issues related to buried pipelines, blasting during the construction of an adjacent tunnel is one of the most adverse factors for existing pipelines. To ensure the safety and normal operation of the pipelines, a method for determining the peak vibration velocity control standard for buried pipelines under blast loading is established in this study. The acceleration time-history function that acts on the rock mass under the blasting seismic wave is derived as external excitation acting on the pipeline. By using the acceleration time-history function as input and combining it with a dynamic and static analysis of the pipeline, the critical vibration velocity of pipelines under the action of blast loading can be determined by the von Mises yield criterion of the buried pipeline material. Using the Dashanpi No. 1 tunnel project in Shenzhen, China as a background, the critical velocity control standard for buried pipelines under tunnel blast loading can be set at 190 mm/s without considering either the initial defects or the corrosion conditions during the operation.     

Human response to blast-induced vibration and air-overpressure: an Indian scenario

Ground vibration (V_max) and air-overpressure/noise (p) are some of the negative effects of blasting. The associated human annoyance and complaints are expected to show an increasing trend in the future as there is no economically viable alternative to blasting in mines in India.A study of the human response to blasting in four mining localities across India has shown that the response is not simply political, as frequently assumed. It has been found that irrespective of those questioned, a basic concern for the safety of property was the main response. There was a greater response from the middle-aged and middle-educated while fewer women than men responded. Assuming that a 100% negative response from the inhabitants will translate into complaints, a methodology is suggested to take account of the human response criteria when considering blasting within 400 m of habitations.