GK1C型内燃机车频繁停车现象探讨与解决方案

运用过程中各类相关因子的变化,会使得机车柴油机配气相位出现一定程度变化,采取某种措施调整或是处理可以解决动力不足的问题。     

污水处理场4M10-34/78-76型往复式空气压缩机改造

无油润滑是现代成熟的压缩机润滑技术,它节省了能源,简化了工艺流程,提高生产效率,本次4M10-34/78-76型往复式空气压缩机少油润滑改为无油润滑着力于降低设备故障频率,延长设备使用时间,降低检修所产生的费用,降低生产停工产生的损失。     

直线运动滚动导轨副混合润滑研究

综合考虑了直线运动导轨副接触几何、预紧力、真实表面粗糙度、曲率系数等因素,建立了直线运动导轨副混合润滑数值模型,研究了滑块移动速度、曲率半径系数、工作载荷、表面粗糙度对导轨接触副润滑特性的影响,得到结论:导轨副法向工作载荷、最大赫兹接触压力和赫兹接触半径随着外加总载荷的增大而增大,平均膜厚随着载荷的增大而减小;混合润滑模型可预测导轨副在大范围工况条件下完整的润滑状态;直线运动导轨大多工作在混合润滑状态下,随着滑块移动速度的增加,接触界面由边界润滑状态向混合润滑状态转变,润滑性能逐渐提高;适当增加曲率半径系数,有利于润滑油膜的形成与稳定。     

铁基含油轴承材料表面硫化改性及摩擦学性能

为改善边界润滑工况下铁基含油轴承材料的摩擦学性能,采用低温液体渗硫技术在材料表面形成一层固体渗硫层,微观检测渗硫层形貌与成分,并在端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦学实验,分析其摩擦磨损性能与自润滑机理。结果表明:渗硫层中固体润滑剂的主要成分为FeS,硫化物沿着基体孔道由材料表面向内部扩散,渗硫层的厚度约为15μm;与未硫化材料相比,硫化材料的摩擦因数明显降低,且硫化时间越长,轴承表面渗硫层的减摩性能越好;表面硫化改性后,利用轴承基体多孔含油与表面渗硫层的液固协同润滑作用,其综合摩擦磨损性能比单纯固体润滑或单纯油润滑的减摩性能都要好,边界润滑工况下的抗擦伤、抗咬合性能得到改善。     

热轧层流辊道内冷辊回水结构的优化改进

针对某热轧厂1 580 mm生产线精轧出口层流辊道内冷辊频繁发生操作侧轴承失效问题,对其原因进行了分析,同时核算了内冷辊受热轴向膨胀后操作侧轴承侧向间隙。结果表明:操作侧轴承侧向间隙满足使用要求,轴承失效和辊筒受热膨胀无关;操作侧轴承失效的直接原因是轴套制造精度低导致骨架油封失效、内冷辊高速旋转“吸水”效应,使冷却回水进入轴承座内部,进一步造成润滑不良进而造成轴承失效。为此,对内冷辊回水结构进行了优化改进:在操作侧轴承座端盖和水套之间增加法兰,延长轴套及安装轴套的轴头,在轴头和轴套之间增加O型密封圈。改进后两年的使用周期内没有发生过轴承失效故障。     

链条套筒与销轴铰链副冲击载荷-往复运动的弹流润滑数值模拟

数值模拟链传动中销轴与套筒之间的定载荷和变载荷弹流润滑接触问题,套筒相对于销轴做纯滑动往复运动。定载荷是假定往复运动过程中载荷恒定不变;变载荷是假定链节在啮入和啮出链轮过程中存在的冲击载荷按正弦函数规律变化。比较在定载荷和变载荷加载条件下线接触往复运动工况的弹性润滑油膜变化情况,分析在动载荷加载条件下不同行程长度对弹性流体动力润滑特性的影响。研究发现,动载荷对油膜的压力、膜厚影响较大:随着动载荷的增加,油膜中压力急剧增大,膜厚减小;但加载方式对摩擦因数的影响不大;在相同的加载方式下,随着行程长度的增加,油膜压力减小,中心膜厚和最小膜厚显著增加。     

基于混合润滑模型的往复密封动特性研究

为研究往复运动密封性能,采用MatLab数值方法建立一种混合润滑模型,该模型包含弹性力学、流体力学和接触力学分析。基于混合润滑模型,研究粗糙度和往复速度对动态往复密封摩擦力、泄漏量和油膜厚度等密封性能的影响规律,揭示液压往复密封机制。结果表明:往复运动密封圈处于混合润滑状态,接触区不仅有流体压力,还包含粗糙度接触压力;存在临界粗糙度σ_c和临界速度u_c,当粗糙度σσ_c时,随粗糙度的增大内行程的泄漏表现为越来越小的内泄漏,当σ≥σ_c时,随粗糙度的增大内行程的泄漏表现为越来越大的外泄漏;当速度uu_c时,净泄漏量随速度的增大表现为越来越小的外泄漏,当u≥u_c时,净泄漏量随速度的增大表现为越来越大的内泄漏;随着粗糙度的增加,膜厚与内行程的摩擦力增大,而外行程的摩擦力无明显变化;随着速度的增加,油膜厚度增加,内行程摩擦力减小,而外行程摩擦力变化很小。     

Numerical simulation of pharyngeal bolus flow influenced by bolus viscosity and apparent slip

Pharyngeal bolus flow was simulated numerically using a finite element method. The bolus liquids were X-ray medium, glucose, and thickener solutions. For a low-viscosity bolus, the simulation showed a reasonable agreement of bolus velocity with X-ray measurements. The influence of bolus density on swallowing velocity was investigated numerically. Although a higher density resulted in a higher bolus velocity, the increase in velocity was modest. When the bolus viscosity was high, it was necessary to apply the slip boundary condition to obtain an agreement for bolus velocity between the simulation and X-ray measurements. The simulations also showed that the method of characteristic shear rate proposed by Zhu et al., Journal of Texture Studies, 2014, 45, 430–439 is effective for predicting the bolus velocity for shear-thinning fluids. In order to discuss the effect of saliva lubrication and the physical meaning of the characteristic shear rate, an immiscible two-layer flow of the core and wall layer was analyzed theoretically by analogy with mesopharyngeal bolus flow. The characteristic shear rate enabled us to correlate the macroscopic flow behavior and the viscosity of the core layer fluid. Lubrication due to the wall layer caused the apparent slip and enhanced the transfer of viscous core fluid. For viscous fluid that presented a large apparent slip in the two-layer model, the slip boundary condition was needed in the swallowing simulation. The numerical simulation and model flow analysis revealed the usefulness of characteristic shear rate and the importance of saliva-layer lubrication in swallowing.     

Enhancing the Tribological Behavior of Lubricating Oil by Adding TiO2, Graphene,and TiO2/Graphene Nanoparticles

This article investigates the tribological behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide anatase TiO₂ (A), graphene, and TiO₂ (A) + graphene added to the pure base oil group ΙΙ (PBO-GΙΙ). The morphology of these two nanostructures of TiO₂ (A) and graphene was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Oleic acid (OA) was blended as a surfactant into the formulation to help stabilize the NPs in the lubricant oil. A four-ball test rig was used to determine the tribological performance of six different samples, and an image acquisition system was used to examine and measure the wear scar diameter of the stationary balls. Field emission–scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to examine the wear morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), element mapping, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to confirm the presence of (TiO₂ (A) + graphene) and the formation of a tribolayer/film on the mating surfaces. Moreover, a 3D optical surface texture analyzer was utilized to investigate the scar topography and tribological performance. The experiments proved that adding (0.4?wt% TiO₂ (A) + 0.2?wt% graphene) to the PBO-GΙΙ optimized its tribological behavior. These excellent results can be attributed to the dual additive effect and the formation of a tribofilm of NPs during sliding motion. Furthermore, the average reductions in the coefficient of friction (COF), wear scar diameter (WSD), and specific wear rate (SWR) were 38.83, 36.78, and 15.78%, respectively, for (0.4?wt% TiO₂ (A) + 0.2?wt% graphene) nanolubricant compared to plain PBO-GΙΙ lubricant.     

Application of organosilane coatings for improved anti-adhesive properties enabling facilitated demolding in polymer processing

Easy and residue-free demolding is an everlasting topic in the plastics processing industry. Typically, facile ejection of the produced parts from the mold is provided by separation agents (silicon sprays, surface coatings). In this work, a perfluoroalkyl-based organosilane coating is applied to exchangeable substrates of an injection mold. Besides the simple application, the coating can also be restored easily in a procedure based on flame treatment. Coating and recoating are proven by contact angle measurements with water, while the anti-adhesive effect and the related relief during demolding are evaluated using a special measuring device in an instrumented two-plate injection mold. The results reveal that the organosilane layer reduces the demolding forces and the resulting static friction coefficient by 50%. Furthermore, multiple recoating significantly improves the durability of the anti-adhesive coating. Based on these findings, the easily applicable and renewable organosilane coating represents a suitable alternative to conventional release coatings.