Schedulability-Driven Communication Synthesis for Time Triggered Embedded Systems

We present an approach to static priority preemptive process scheduling for the synthesis of hard real-time distributed embedded systems where communication plays an important role. The communication model is based on a time-triggered protocol. We have developed an analysis for the communication delays with four different message scheduling policies over a time-triggered communication channel. Optimization strategies for the synthesis of communication are developed, and the four approaches to message scheduling are compared using extensive experiments.     

一种基于延迟抢先的消息最大响应时间算法

分布式实时系统是实时系统的一个重要研究方向，有着广泛的应用背景，消息最大响应时间的定量分析是该研究方向中的一个关键问题，在深入分析国内外相关研究的基础上，针对采用TDMA协议的分布实时系统提出了一种基于延迟抢先的消息最大响应时间算法，解决了现有消息最大响应时间算法存在的正确性问题，对消息的最大响应时间做出完整、精确的分析。     

Testing the Schedulability of Synchronous Traffic for the Timed Token Medium Access Control Protocol

One of the key issues related to guaranteeing synchronous message deadlines in a timed token network (such as fiber distributed data interface) where the timed token medium access control protocol is used is the schedulability test of synchronous traffic (i.e., testing whether or not all synchronous messages can be transmitted before their deadlines, under a given setting of network parameters). Much work has been done on how to assign network parameters appropriately in order to guarantee timely transmission of synchronous traffic. As a result quite a few synchronous bandwidth allocation schemes and some good guidelines on selection of the target token rotation time have been proposed. In contrast, limited research has been conducted on how to effectively test whether or not given network parameters can guarantee timely transmission of all synchronous messages (of a considered synchronous message set) before their deadlines. The previous testing methods for synchronous message schedulability only provide a sufficient (but not necessary) test and therefore fail to always keep effective for any synchronous message set considered. In this paper, we propose two testing methods for determining the schedulability of a synchronous message set with message deadlines no longer than periods. The proposed tests perform better than any previous test in the sense that they are both sufficient and necessary. Some numerical examples are given to compare different testing methods, all of which have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed tests to other existing testing methods.     

单调速率及其扩展算法的可调度性判定

任务可调度性判定是实时系统调度理论研究的核心问题.单调速率(RM)算法是实时调度的重要算法,自其提出以来已被广泛研究.然而到目前为止,尚缺乏专题性的文章来系统而深入地探讨RM及其扩展算法的可调度性判定,以及各种现实条件和实现方式(包括任务调度的时间开销和任务同步问题等)对可调度性的影响.围绕RM算法下的可调度性判定问题,由浅入深,系统性地讨论各种不同假设和实现方式对可调度性的影响,具体为下述3大类问题：（1）理想的RM算法下的可调度性判定的CPU利用率最小上界最小及可调度的充分必要条件;（2）考虑调度时间开销情况下的可调度性判定条件;（3）优先级反转协议及其对可调度性的影响.给除了具体实例来叙述上述问题,并从算法复杂度和可检测率两方面比较各种算法的优劣。     

基于延迟主动副版本的分布式实时容错调度算法

主/副版本备份技术是分布式系统常用的实时容错调度方法,然而传统的主动方式副版本即使在无处理机故障时也需要在备份处理机上完全运行,增加了处理机消耗.提出一种基于固定优先级调度算法的延迟主动副版本(deferred active backup-copy)备份技术,该技术通过尽量向后调度主动方式的副版本,并在主版本成功执行时终止副版本的执行来减少备份的冗余度.在此基础上,提出一种基于该技术的以最小化处理机数目为优化目标的启发式任务分配算法--基于延迟主动副版本的最佳适应算法DABCBF(deferred active backup-copy based best-fit algorithm).DABCBF在保证系统的实时性和容错能力的前提条件下,通过尽量减少主版本的最坏响应时间来最大程度地减少冗余,以节省处理机.最后通过仿真实验,证明了算法的可行性和有效性.     

Development and integration of a concurrently executing interactive user interface for the I-STAT protable clinical analyzer: A case study in real-time systems integration

A novel real-time scheduler was developed to implement an interactive user interface for an existing state-of-the-art, hand-held blood analyzer. A software-timer-based scheduler was designed and implemented and guaranteed schedulability analysis performed to ensure that all hard execution deadlines could be met at run time. An execution bandwidth preservation mechanism that increases the robustness and predictability of the scheduler is presented. The paper is a case study that describes the design and development process from a point of view that emphasizes the importance of the systems integration issues that were encountered.     

光伏与光热发电发展前景对比分析

太阳能发电分为光伏发电和光热发电,两种发电方式有着诸多的不同之处。从发电方式、应用领域、储能方式、发电可调度性以及经济性等方面对两种发电方式展开对比研究,找出两者的优缺点,分析两种发电方式的发展前景。     

时间约束工作流模型的可调度性分析算法

针对目前工作流管理系统对时间管理支持的严重局限，提出了基于Petri网的工作流时间约束建模方法，首先，将工作流网扩展为时间约束工作流网，然后分析了工作流程的时间特性，并提出了时间约束工作流网的可调度性分析算法，研究结果表明，所提出的建模方法能全面描述工作流的时间信息，对丰富工作流系统的时间约束建模理论具有重要的参考价值。     

提高混合实时任务确定性的两级调度算法

为提高混合实时任务的确定性,提出了一种两级调度算法。先给出了调度算法的架构,通过增加一个调度模块实现周期性实时任务调度,非周期性实时任务则由系统内核调度。然后建立了任务模型,并对调度算法、任务集可调度性和抖动等进行深入研究。将提出的调度算法应用到基于Windows CE.NET的液压机控制系统中,分析了控制系统的硬件平台和任务划分。最后对调度算法进行验证,结果表明,该算法能保证混合实时任务的确定性,减小抖动,从而提高控制系统的精度。     

多处理器全局单调比率的可调度性分析

针对全局单调比率(RM)调度的多处理器系统中最高优先级任务数量少于处理器数量时,Bertogna等给出的最坏情况计算任务受到的干涉过于悲观,证明了任务受到最高优先级任务的干涉不会出现最坏情况,它受到非最高优先级任务干涉仍可能出现最坏情况。分析得出了任务受到最高优先级任务干涉的最大可能值,由此得到了一个更紧的可调度性判断条件。实验结果表明,提出的方法提高了判为可调度的任务集数量。