Combined application of electrolysed water and ultrasound to improve the sanitation of knives in the meat industry

This study investigated the effect of the combination of basic electrolysed water (BEW) and slightly acid electrolysed water (SAEW) with ultrasound (US) for cleaning and sanitation of the knives used in slaughtering processes. The knives were sonicated in a US bath using two modes of operation (normal and sweep) in two steps: (i) 5 min with BEW and (ii) 10 min with SAEW at 35 °C. The microbiological counts and the possible changes in the physical structure of the knives were evaluated. The association BEW + SAEW + US, in the sweep mode, provided lower mesophilic, enterobacterial, Staphylococcus aureus and yeast counts when compared to the values recommended by the international legislation. In addition, these conditions removed all organic residues from the knife blades and promoted the highest migration rate of the residues to the US water bath (12.35 mg/L·min), without modifications in the knife blades. Thus, cleaning and sanitation of knives was feasible with the association of BEW + SAEW + US, which could be a useful alternative for the meat industry.     

响应面优化芝麻粕中芝麻素酚三糖苷的提取工艺

以芝麻粕为原料,利用超声波辅助提取芝麻素酚三糖苷。在单因素试验的基础上,以芝麻素酚三糖苷得率为响应值,通过响应面法对芝麻粕中芝麻素酚三糖苷的提取条件进行优化。结果表明:芝麻素酚三糖苷最优提取条件为超声功率1 220 W、提取液pH 7. 7、磁力搅拌转速430 r/min、超声波作用方式为连续,此条件下芝麻素酚三糖苷得率为(4. 31±0. 03) mg/g。     

超声波辅助酶法提取花生红衣中白藜芦醇的工艺优化

为提高花生油提取副产物花生红衣的利用价值,以乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间、超声温度、酶的种类为考察因素,白藜芦醇提取量为指标,通过单因素实验对超声波辅助酶法提取花生红衣中白藜芦醇工艺进行优化。结果表明,在酶解pH 5. 0、酶添加量2%下,得到的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%,料液比1∶25,超声时间30 min,超声温度50℃,采用半纤维素酶提取。在最佳工艺条件下,白藜芦醇提取量为(0. 854±0. 025) mg/100 g。     

藕节多酚超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其抗油脂氧化能力研究

以藕节多酚得率为评价指标,超声时间、超声温度、料液比和乙醇体积分数为影响因素,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken(BBD)试验设计优化藕节多酚的提取工艺条件,同时采用恒温箱热贮藏试验法研究藕节多酚的抗油脂氧化能力。结果表明:藕节多酚的最佳提取条件为超声时间34 min、超声温度50℃、料液比1∶20、乙醇体积分数70%,在此条件下藕节多酚得率为(7. 11±0. 14)%;藕节多酚能够明显减缓油脂过氧化值的升高趋势,对动植物油脂的自氧化均有明显的抑制作用,且具有一定的浓度依赖性。     

芝麻粕植酸的超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

为探索芝麻粕植酸的超声波辅助醋酸法提取最佳工艺条件,采用单因素试验及响应面法对植酸提取工艺进行优化,并分析芝麻粕植酸的抗氧化活性。结果表明:芝麻粕植酸提取的最佳工艺条件为超声波功率270 W、超声波时间20 min、醋酸质量分数15%、料液比1∶16、提取时间115 min、提取温度51℃,在最佳工艺条件下芝麻粕植酸的提取率为73.24%。体外抗氧化试验表明,芝麻粕植酸具有一定的抗氧化活性,其还原力、DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率的较适质量浓度分别为80、100μg/mL和120μg/mL。     

The effects of ozone,ultrasound and coating with shellac and lysozyme–chitosan on fresh egg during storage at ambient temperature – part 1: interior quality changes

The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the effect of different treatments including gaseous ozone (6-ppm/4-min), ultrasound (450 W/4 min) and coating of shellac, lysozyme–chitosan (L-C) on fresh eggs internal quality during storage for six weeks at ambient temperature. The internal quality attributes such as weight loss (WL), albumen viscosity, Haugh unit (HU), yolk index, total soluble solids, albumen and yolk's pH were monitored. Control groups had the worst HU (50.04), WL (8.35%), albumen pH (9.27) and viscosity (7.72 mPa·s) values after storage. The best interior qualities were obtained by shellac coating [HU (72.37), WL (1.37) and viscosity (30.10 mPa·s)] and sonication (albumen pH: 8.22). Thus, the shellac-coated eggs maintained all the internal quality parameters at the highest values, while the ozone and ultrasound only helped to keep the internal quality and enhance the shelf life of eggs.     

Application of ultrasound treatment for modulating the structural,functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates

The modulating effect of ultrasound treatments at varying powers and times on the structural and functional properties of black bean protein isolate (BBPI) was investigated. Compared with native BBPI, low-power (150 W) and medium-power (300 W) ultrasound treatments increased the solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties of BBPI, especially at 300 W, 24 min. This effect arises predominantly due to increased exposure of hydrophobic groups, which serve to increase the interactions between the protein and water molecules. Additionally, an increase in the protein surface activity improved the absorption of protein molecules at the oil–water and air–water interfaces. Rheology data showed that increased hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions improved the water-holding capacity of BBPI gels following ultrasound treatment. However, high-power (450 W) ultrasound treatment weakened the functional properties of BBPI, and this was likely due to the formation of macromolecular BBPI aggregates. Overall, this study indicates that ultrasound treatment could be a promising approach for modulating other plant protein resources as well as expanding the application of black bean protein.     

响应面法优化羊肚菌中蛋白质的提取工艺

目的采用响应面法优化羊肚菌蛋白质的提取工艺。方法通过超声波辅助提取羊肚菌蛋白,以蛋白得率为指标,考察超声温度、超声时间、料液比和pH对羊肚菌蛋白得率的影响。在单因素的基础上通过Box-Behnken试验对提取工艺试验进行优化试验。结果超声波辅助提取羊肚菌蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:50 (g:mL)、超声时间60 min、提取温度60℃、pH 12,在此条件下蛋白得率为(32.56±0.50)%,与预测值32.99%接近。通过响应面分析得到的多元二次回归方程Y=32.56+0.97A 1.21B~+1.24C 0.2AB 1.07AC 1.45BC 1.86A~2 4.26B~2 1.87C~2,该模型可较好地预测羊肚菌蛋白得率,其中各因素对蛋白质得率影响的大小依次为:pH超声温度超声时间。结论本研究为羊肚菌蛋白的提取提供基础。     

Ultrasound-Triggered Enzymatic Gelation

Hydrogels are formed using various triggers, including light irradiation, pH adjustment, heating, cooling, or chemical addition. Here, a new method for forming hydrogels is introduced: ultrasound-triggered enzymatic gelation. Specifically, ultrasound is used as a stimulus to liberate liposomal calcium ions, which then trigger the enzymatic activity of transglutaminase. The activated enzyme catalyzes the formation of fibrinogen hydrogels through covalent intermolecular crosslinking. The catalysis and gelation processes are monitored in real time and both the enzyme kinetics and final hydrogel properties are controlled by varying the initial ultrasound exposure time. This technology is extended to microbubble–liposome conjugates, which exhibit a stronger response to the applied acoustic field and are also used for ultrasound-triggered enzymatic hydrogelation. To the best of the knowledge, these results are the first instance in which ultrasound is used as a trigger for either enzyme catalysis or enzymatic hydrogelation. This approach is highly versatile and can be readily applied to different ion-dependent enzymes or gelation systems. Moreover, this work paves the way for the use of ultrasound as a remote trigger for in vivo hydrogelation.     

工艺参数对超声辅助脉冲电沉积镍-氮化钛复合镀层的影响

在45钢表面以超声波辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-TiN复合镀层。研究了平均阴极电流密度、脉冲占空比、超声功率和TiN粒子(平均直径20~30 nm)添加量对复合镀层的TiN粒子含量和显微硬度的影响。得到较优的工艺参数为:NiSO4ꞏ6H2O 300 g/L,NiCl2ꞏ6H2O 30 g/L,H3BO330 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.3 g/L,TiN 25 g/L,pH 4.1~4.3,温度40°C,平均阴极电流密度4 A/dm2,脉冲占空比40%,脉冲频率1000 Hz,超声功率300 W,机械搅拌速率200 r/min,时间60 min。该条件下所得Ni-TiN复合镀层的TiN质量分数为8.35%,显微硬度为819 HV,表面平整、致密,晶粒尺寸均匀。