超声场中Al-1%Si合金水平连铸实验研究

研究了功率超声对水平连铸Al-1%(质量分数)Si合金凝固过程、合金组织和力学性能的影响,详细探讨了超声空化细化合金组织的机理.结果表明,在合金的凝固过程中施加功率超声可以提高形核率,使合金组织细化,从而提高其力学性能,并且随超声波功率的增加,铸坯的平均晶粒直径减小.     

一种声电复合多元液体浓度传感器的研制

在分析目前液体成分浓度测量方法的基础上,提出了一种用于多元液体成分浓度测量的声电联合检测新方法,并重点介绍了传感器的结构和传感器设计中的非线性、温度补偿等几个关键问题.用牛乳这一多元液体作为被测对象对这种测试方法和传感器进行了验证,测试精度与参考方法非常接近.该传感器能同时对多个成分浓度测量,具有测试速度快、精度高、稳定性好、能测试不透明液体、成本低等优点.     

Shear and longitudinal ultrasonic measurements of solid fat dispersions

Dispersions of coating fat in corn oil (2.5–12.5 wt%) were prepared following two different protocols: Type A dispersions had an average crystal size of 30–36 μm, whereas type B dispersions were less than 1 μm. In both dispersions the fat crystals were aggregated into larger structures (up to 80 μm). The longitudinal ultrasonic properties (i.e., velocity, attenuation, and reflectance) were linearly related to the solid fat content, but only attenuation was sensitive to the different microstructures. The velocity and reflectance measurements were modeled using the Urick equation. Shear ultrasonic reflectance and oscillatory viscometry were used to measure the dynamic viscosity of all dispersions. According to both methods, type B samples were always more viscous than type A at a similar solids content. The correlation between the two techniques was good (r ²>0.99), but the numeric agreement was different for both systems.     

基于遗传算法优化支持向量机的超声图像缺陷分类

超声图像缺陷在分类时由于存在样本数量少、样本类别多、不易区分等问题,分类的准确率较低。针对这些问题,提出了基于遗传算法优化支持向量机的超声图像缺陷分类方法。该方法首先通过图像处理提取超声图像缺陷的特征数据,然后训练支持向量机作为超声图像缺陷分类器,最后采用遗传算法优化参数求得最优的分类器。实验结果表明,提出的超声图像缺陷分类器在识别率方面优于其他方法的分类器,综合识别率达到了90%,可以有效地辅助工作人员对超声图像缺陷进行分类识别。     

红外热成像聚焦超声声场测量方法综述

基于红外热成像技术对聚焦超声声场进行快速、定量测量的方法具有扫描速度快、空间分辨率高、适用频率范围广等优点。但是由于红外线的穿透能力限制,在红外摄像仪和超声吸收体之间需要一个空气层,因此使得超声吸收体内部声场较为复杂,目前已有三种模型对此进行描述,且都得到了相应的实验验证。本文通过分析基于三种模型的超声吸收体内部声场分布和声强估计方法,对其进行了较为详细的描述。为进一步研究该项技术提供了理论参考依据。     

超声血流向量成像技术探讨颈动脉球部壁面剪切应力的影响因素

目的：运用超声血流向量成像(Vector Flow Imaging, V Flow)技术探讨颈动脉球部自体解剖结构及血流动力学因素对壁面剪切应力(Wall Shear Stress, WSS)的影响。方法：选取颈动脉超声检查正常患者 70例,将 V Flow感兴趣区置于颈总动脉分叉部及颈内动脉起始段。测量颈动脉球部与颈总动脉间角度(θ)、测量收缩末期颈动脉球部(Carotid Bulb, CB)膨大最明显处内径(D_CB)与颈总动脉末段内径(D_CCA)的比值(D_CB/D_CCA)、测量颈动脉球部分流量(Q_CB)与颈总动脉末段流量(Q_CCA)的比值(Q_CB/Q_CCA)、描记颈动脉球部血流紊乱区可视化面积(A_CB)以及测量颈动脉球部起始段内侧平均壁面剪切应力(WSSI-CB)和外侧平均壁面剪切应力(WSS_E-CB),并对上述各项参数进行统计学分析。结果：(1)颈动脉球部起始段 WSS_I-CB值为(0.88±0.30) Pa,外侧 WSS_E-CB值为(0.32±0.15) Pa,外侧壁明显小于内侧壁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)颈动脉球部与颈总动脉夹角 θ值为(24.5±12.1)°,与 WSS_E-CB相关系数为r=-0.171,二者无相关性且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈动脉球部膨大最明显处内径与颈总动脉末段内径比值 D_CB/D_CCA为(0.66±0.09),与 WSS_E-CB值呈负相关,相关系数为r=-0.312,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)颈动脉球部分流量与颈总动脉末段流量比值Q_CB/Q_CCA为(0.69±0.15),与 WSS_E-CB值呈正相关,相关系数为r=0.428,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);颈动脉球部血流紊乱区面积 A_CB为(0.27±0.17) cm²,与 WSSE-CB值呈负相关,相关系数分别为 r=-0.545,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。结论：颈动脉球部血流量、血流紊乱区面积及膨大程度是影响外侧壁面剪切应力 WSS的主要因素,而与颈动脉球部发出角度的关系并不密切。     

Focused ultrasound brain stimulation to anesthetized rats induces long‐term changes in somatosensory evoked potentials

Low‐intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a noninvasive brain stimulation modality that can reach deep brain areas with high spatial specificity. Previous studies have identified transient effects of FUS on the brain excitability and accompanying physiological responses. Yet the presence of long‐lasting effects of FUS, which extend on the order of half an hour or more, has not been probed. We transcranially applied FUS to the somatosensory areas of the anesthetized rats for 10 min at a low duty cycle (5%) and intensity, far below the level that could alter the tissue temperature. Concurrently, we measured electroencephalographic somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) induced by the unilateral electrical stimulation of the hind limb before and after the sonication. Compared with the control sham condition that did not involve sonication, differential SEP features were evident and persisted beyond 35 min after the administration of FUS. The presence of this nontransient neuromodulatory effect may provide early evidence that FUS‐mediated brain stimulation has the potential to induce neuroplasticity.     

超声吸收体边界条件的分析

超声吸收体的边界条件分析对于求解超声吸收体表面温升与入射波声强的函数关系至关重要。通过分析在超声吸收体与水和与空气界面处超声辐照的物理过程,分别得到超声吸收体与水界面处的平均传热系数与焦点声强之间的函数关系式和超声吸收体与空气界面处的复合传热表面系数与温差的函数关系式。通过仿真分析了不同条件下两个界面处的传热系数对超声吸收体与空气界面温升的影响。实验结果表明,当辐照时间较短时,对于超声吸收体与空气界面的温度变化,超声吸收体与水界面可以认为是一个无限远且温度恒定的边界,超声吸收体与空气界面可以认为是一个符合第一类边界条件的连续热传导。     

经皮恒河猴肝纤维化模型超声引导下肝脏穿刺介绍

目的:观察超声引导下恒河猴肝穿刺活体组织检查技术在动物实验中的应用情况,探讨超声引导下经皮恒河猴肝脏穿刺活检的价值和意义。方法:采用PHILIPS i U22超声仪、9~3 MHz探头、Bard 16G活检枪及活检针对22只恒河猴肝纤维化疾病进行穿刺,对穿刺组织进行病理检查。结果:22只恒河猴均穿刺成功,病理学染色良好,能够进行肝脏疾病的病理分析和诊断。结论:在动物实验中,超声引导下肝脏穿刺活检术是一项微创、安全、方便的取材方法,能确定肝脏损害的病理性质,对实验动物疾病模型诊断和治疗有重要的临床价值。