聚变中子源驱动的次临界清洁核能系统─聚变能技术的早期应用途径

提出作为聚变能技术早期应用途径的聚变中子源驱动的清洁核能系统概念，并从国家的能源需求、国内外核电发展状况论述开发这种系统的必要性和意义，根据国内外聚变驱动器技术及次临界包层技术进展和国内多年的可行性研究结果，说明开发这种系统的现实性和基础。文中也给出了建议的发展进程。     

External Factors Affecting Fusion Energy Development

A number of external factors affecting the pace and direction of fusion energy development are reviewed and discussed. These include the changing electric utility marketplace environment, the availability of fossil fuels, competing power sources, and environmental issues.     

Al-Cr-O thin films as an efficient hydrogen barrier

Thin Al-Cr-O films are proposed as hydrogen permeation barriers. Layers of a few microns in thickness are able to suppress hydrogen permeability by a factor of 2000 to 3500 at temperatures of 700 °C, as has been found in our gas phase permeation experiments. We attribute this excellent efficiency to a dense layer morphology and the possible (pre)-formation of solid solutions in corundum-type structure. These films are deposited by pulsed arc evaporation in a batch-type production system at substrate temperatures of 550 °C.     

Multiple architecture system for wind speed prediction

A new approach based on multiple architecture system (MAS) for the prediction of wind speed is proposed. The motivation behind the proposed approach is to combine the complementary predictive powers of multiple models in order to improve the performance of the prediction process. The proposed MAS can be implemented by associating the predictions obtained from the different regression algorithms (MLR, MLP, RBF and SVM) making up the ensemble by three fusion strategies (simple, weighted and non-linear). The efficiency of the proposed approach has been assessed on a real data set recorded from seven locations in Algeria during a period of 10 years. The experimental results point out that the proposed MAS approach is capable of improving the precision of the wind speed prediction compared to the traditional prediction methods.     

Object Kinetic Monte Carlo calculations of irradiated Fe-Cr dilute alloys: The effect of the interaction radius between substitutional Cr and self-interstitial Fe

Object Kinetic Monte Carlo models allow for the study of the evolution of the damage created by irradiation to time scales that are comparable to those achieved experimentally. Therefore, the essential Object Kinetic Monte Carlo parameters can be validated through comparison with experiments. However, this validation is not trivial since a large number of parameters is necessary, including migration energies of point defects and their clusters, binding energies of point defects in clusters, as well as the interaction radii. This is particularly cumbersome when describing an alloy, such as the Fe-Cr system, which is of interest for fusion energy applications. In this work we describe an Object Kinetic Monte Carlo model for Fe-Cr alloys in the dilute limit. The parameters used in the model come either from density functional theory calculations or from empirical interatomic potentials. This model is used to reproduce isochronal resistivity recovery experiments of electron irradiated dilute Fe-Cr alloys performed by Abe and Kuramoto. The comparison between the calculated results and the experiments reveal that an important parameter is the capture radius between substitutional Cr and self-interstitial Fe atoms. A parametric study is presented on the effect of the capture radius on the simulated recovery curves.     

Safety Analysis of ITER EDA Design by GEMSAFE

General Methodology of Safety Analysis and Evaluation for Fusion Systems (GEMSAFE) was applied to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design in the stage of Engineering Design Activities (EDA) to identify Design Basis Events (DBEs) and the related safety features, which were compared with those of the ITER design in the stage of Conceptual Design Activities (CDA). As a result, 18 DBEs for the EDA design were selected in comparison with 25 DBEs for the CDA design. DBEs related to the fuel area were categorized in higher event category than those of the CDA design due to the increase of the mobile tritium contained in some components. It was necessary to reduce the inventory of the tritium absorbed in the tokamak dust in the EDA design as well as in the CDA design. Some measures were recommended to reduce mobile tritium dissolved in the coolant in the single cooling loop due to the increase of this estimated inventory.     

Acoustic emission and fracture behavior of GFRP woven laminates at cryogenic temperatures

This paper describes an experimental and analytical study on fracture and damage behavior of GFRP woven laminates at cryogenic temperatures. CT (compact tension) tests were carried out at room temperature, liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and liquid helium temperature (4 K) to evaluate the critical values of the fracture mechanics parameters. During the CT tests, AE (acoustic emission) method was implemented. AE signals can identify the critical load at which gross failure occurs. A FEA (finite element analysis) was also applied to calculate the fracture mechanics parameters. The failure criteria (Hoffman criterion and maximum strain criterion) or the damage variable based on the continuum damage mechanics was incorporated into the model to interpret the experimental measurements and to study the damage distributions within the specimen. Several methods of calculating J-integral are discussed.     

An accelerated fusion power development plan

Energy for electricity and transportation is a national issue with worldwide environmental and political implications. The world must have energy options for the next century that are not vulnerable to possible disruption for technical, environmental, public confidence, or other reasons. Growing concerns about the greenhouse effect and the safety of transporting oil may lead to reduced burning of coal and other fossil fuels, and the incidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, as well as nuclear waste storage problems, have eroded public acceptance of nuclear fission. Meeting future world energy needs will require improvements in energy efficiency and conservation. However, the world will soon need new central station power plants and increasing amounts of fuel for the transportation sector. The use of fossil fuels, and possibly even fission power, will very likely be restricted because of environmental, safety, and, eventually, supply considerations. Time is running out for policymakers. New energy technologies cannot be brought to the marketplace overnight. Decades are required to bring a new energy production technology from conception to full market penetration. With the added urgency to mitigate deleterious environmental effects of energy use, policymakers must act decisively now to establish and support vigorous energy technology development programs. The U.S. has invested $8 billion over the past 40 years in fusion research and development. If the U.S. fusion program proceeds according to its present strategy, an additional 40 years, and more money, will be expended before fusion will provide commercial electricity. Such an extended schedule is neither cost-effective nor technically necessary. It is time to launch a national venture to construct and operate a fusion power pilot plant. Such a plant could be operational within 15 years of a national commitment to proceed.Prepared Under Contract for the Agency for Advancement of Fusion Power, Inc., George S. Clemens, President.     

Synchronization Algebras with Mobility for Graph Transformations

We propose a generalization of synchronization algebras that allows to deal with mobility and local resource handling. We show how it can be used to model communication primitives for distributed and mobile computations, such as the ones used in the global computing area. We propose a graph transformation formalism in the Synchronized Hyperedge Replacement approach which is parametric w.r.t. the synchronization algebra and thus allows to model complex systems based on the chosen communication primitives. We thus unify different models described in the literature and we allow to easily define new ones. We present various examples and a case study on Fusion Calculus, showing how different semantics for it can be derived using different synchronization algebras.     

多传感器信息融合机载辐射源识别

本文在阐述 Ｄｅｍｐｓｔｅｒ－Ｓｈａｆｅｒ （Ｄ－Ｓ）证据理论的基础上，较系统地论述了基于Ｄ－Ｓ证据理论的多传感器机载辐射源识别的信息融合方法，识别实例和对比实验表明，这种信息融合识别方法是非常有效的。