Perceptions in the U.S. building industry of the benefits and costs of improving indoor air quality

How building stakeholders (e.g. owners, tenants, operators, and designers) understand impacts of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and associated energy costs is unknown. We surveyed 112 stakeholders across the United States to ascertain their perceptions of their current IAQ and estimates of benefits and costs of, as well as willingness to pay for, IAQ improvements. Respondents' perceived IAQ scores correlated with the use of high‐efficiency filters but not with any other IAQ‐improving technologies. We elicited their estimates of the impacts of a ventilation–filtration upgrade (VFU), that is, doubling the ventilation rate from 20 to 40 cfm/person (9.5 to 19 l/s/person) and upgrading from a minimum efficiency reporting value 6 to 11 filter, and compared responses to estimates derived from IAQ literature and energy modeling. Minorities of respondents thought the VFU would positively impact productivity (45%), absenteeism (23%), or health (39%). Respondents' annual VFU cost estimates (mean = $257, s.d. = $496, median = $75 per person) were much higher than ours (always <$32 per person), and the only yearly cost a plurality of respondents said they would pay for the VFU was $15 per person. Respondents holding green building credentials were not more likely to affirm the IAQ benefits of the VFU and were less likely to be willing to pay for it.     

地板辐射供暖房间颗粒物的研究

通过分析地暖房间内颗粒物的分布以及运动规律,采用计算流体动力学方法模拟室内空气温度分布,讨论其对颗粒物分布及运动的影响。结合得到的结论,对现在地板辐射供暖,以及在应用中出现的问题提出相应的解决方法。     

用于IAQ分析的建筑通风计算模型的研究进展

本文介绍了用于IAQ分析的建筑通风领域的3种计算模型:多区模型、区域模型和计算流体力学(CFD)模型,并对这3种模型国内外近年的研究成果进行了文献综述,首先叙述了这一领域的研究现状,而后指出了存在的问题和将来的研究方向。     

Enhancing lifetime of WSN for natural gas leakages detection

Monitoring dangerous aerosols in indoor environments is essential to prevent illnesses and to provide safety to inhabitants. Natural gas in particular is an explosive chemical widely adopted in homes. Failures in its distribution network can be very harmful. We propose a WGSN to monitor indoor environments and to promptly report alarms in case of failures and leakages. It employs low-cost off-the-shelf devices like chemoresistive MOX sensors and state-of-the-art wireless electronic boards. We exploited the transient response of the sensing element to reduce by 20× the power required to assess the indoor air quality. Performance evaluation has been conducted using gas bench and demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach. Our system requires very few mW of power to work and enhances the battery autonomy of about 300% with respect to nominal use of the sensor, with two standard AA batteries.     

Effect of ventilation strategies on air contaminant concentrations and energy consumption in buildings

Considering the diversity of indoor contaminant characteristics and generation patterns, finding an appropriate ventilation strategy that can secure acceptable indoor air quality with minimum energy consumption is a challenging task for HVAC system designers and operators. This study theoretically models and investigates the impact of various ventilation strategies on contaminant concentration behaviour and corresponding ventilation cooling energy requirements for a single‐zone enclosure. Two types of contaminants are considered; carbon dioxide as an occupancy dependent and formaldehyde, which is independent of occupancy. An airflow model is used to predict space pressure and air leakage rates across the enclosure envelope, and an air quality model is used to predict time‐varying contaminant concentrations. In addition, a building energy simulation model is utilized to predict the corresponding ventilation cooling energy requirements under hot climatic conditions. Results from this study show that acceptable contaminant concentrations during occupied periods can be achieved by different ventilation strategies but at substantially different ventilation energy requirements. More than 50 per cent reduction in ventilation energy requirements can be obtained while maintaining acceptable IAQ if proper ventilation strategy is employed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车室内空气品质的研究进展

车作为一种＂移动建筑＂,其室内空气品质（IAQ）问题逐渐备受关注;分析了车内空气污染的来源及影响因子,对比讨论了汽车IAQ相关的国家标准,指出GB/T 27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》中空气污染物浓度限值过于宽松,不利于保障驾乘人员身体健康,最后点明了汽车IAQ的发展趋势。     

用于提高室内空气品质的新风预处理系统

随着对各种病态建筑综合症认识的逐步深入 ,国内的公众越来越注重室内空气品质( IAQ) ,迫切要求提高 IAQ.本文给出了几种新风预处理系统形式 ,可以经济有效的提高室内空气品质     

新型节能环保功能性建筑材料的性能研究

介绍了建筑节能技术及提高室内空气品质的现状，自制了纳米微胶囊相变功能性建筑材料，设计建造了实验用可移动密闭小室，进行了功能性建筑材料的杀菌、去除室内VOC和蓄能等性能实验。并进行了一定的数据分析，展望了功能性建筑材料广泛的应用前景。     

室内空气品质评价系统应用层协议的编码与实现

介绍了基于网络环境下的IAQ监测与评价系统，开发了IAQ评价系统应用层协议IAQMETP的必要性，对IAQMETP协议的各个组成部分进行了详细设计，并对IAQMETP协议进行了编码，介绍了IAQMETP协议的实现过程。     

集中空调系统的卫生问题不容忽视

本文从空调环境对人体的健康影响分析空调室内的空气质量,指出集中空调系统的卫生管理是非常重要的。本文对空调系统的污染状况及其产生原因进行了讨论,强调空调通风系统的卫生问题应该引起重视,同时也指出空调设备和管道的清洗对节能也有好处。