纳米微胶囊相变材料杀菌及降解VOCs的性能试验

在自制了纳米微胶囊相变材料的基础上,进行了纳米微胶囊相变材料的杀菌、降解VOCs等性能试验,展望了此材料对提高室内空气品质的应用前景。试验分析表明:纳米微胶囊相变过滤材料具有强劲的杀菌效果,降解VOCs的能力显著,但微胶囊相变材料浓度在60g/L～120g/L为宜。     

大气中挥发性卤代烃的分析方法

根据吸附剂对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的吸附原理,结合吹扫捕集仪自行研制了VOCs气体采样管,利用VOCs气体采样管结合吹扫捕集仪与气相色谱仪联用,建立了完整的大气中VOCs的分析方法,并应用于空气中挥发性卤代烃(VHCs)的检测。结果表明,VOCs气体采样管对VHCs具有很好的吸附解吸效率,分析方法检出限为0.02⁰.1μg/m3(进样量1L),RSD在3.7%0.1μg/m3(进样量1L),RSD在3.7%⁸.7%之间,回收率92.4%8.7%之间,回收率92.4%⁹8.2%,满足痕量物质分析要求。     

Residential indoor air quality interventions through a social-ecological systems lens: A systematic review

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important consideration for health and well-being as people spend most of their time indoors. Multi-disciplinary interest in IAQ is growing, resulting in more empirical research, especially in affordable housing settings, given disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. Conceptually, there is little coherency among these case studies; they traverse diverse spatial scales, indoor and outdoor environments, and populations, making it difficult to implement research findings in any given setting. We employ a social-ecological systems (SES) framework to review and categorize existing interventions and other literature findings to elucidate relationships among spatially and otherwise diverse IAQ factors. This perspective is highly attentive to the role of agency, highlighting individual, household, and organizational behaviors and constraints in managing IAQ. When combined with scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of IAQ interventions, this approach favors actionable strategies for reducing the presence of indoor pollutants and personal exposures.     

Indoor air quality audit implementation in a hotel building in Portugal

Hotels are designed to provide high levels of comfort for guests; however, frequent complaints related to uncomfortable thermal environment and inadequate indoor air quality (IAQ) appear. On the other hand, there is little research concerning IAQ audits of hotels up to now.     

Machine learning and statistical models for predicting indoor air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ), as determined by the concentrations of indoor air pollutants, can be predicted using either physically based mechanistic models or statistical models that are driven by measured data. In comparison with mechanistic models mostly used in unoccupied or scenario‐based environments, statistical models have great potential to explore IAQ captured in large measurement campaigns or in real occupied environments. The present study carried out the first literature review of the use of statistical models to predict IAQ. The most commonly used statistical modeling methods were reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses discussed. Thirty‐seven publications, in which statistical models were applied to predict IAQ, were identified. These studies were all published in the past decade, indicating the emergence of the awareness and application of machine learning and statistical modeling in the field of IAQ. The concentrations of indoor particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) were the most frequently studied parameters, followed by carbon dioxide and radon. The most popular statistical models applied to IAQ were artificial neural networks, multiple linear regression, partial least squares, and decision trees.     

Performance evaluation of ductless personalized ventilation in comparison with desk fans using numerical simulations

The performance of ductless personalized ventilation (DPV) was compared to the performance of a typical desk fan since they are both stand-alone systems that allow the users to personalize their indoor environment. The two systems were evaluated using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an office room occupied by two users. To investigate the impact of DPV and the fan on the inhaled air quality, two types of contamination sources were modeled in the domain: an active source and a passive source. Additionally, the influence of the compared systems on thermal comfort was assessed using the coupling of CFD with the comfort model developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB model). Results indicated that DPV performed generally better than the desk fan. It provided better thermal comfort and showed a superior performance in removing the exhaled contaminants. However, the desk fan performed better in removing the contaminants emitted from a passive source near the floor level. This indicates that the performance of DPV and desk fans depends highly on the location of the contamination source. Moreover, the simulations showed that both systems increased the spread of exhaled contamination when used by the source occupant.     

Cold weather installation of wood flooring by adhesive bonding and its impact on indoor air quality

This study discusses the effect of installation of wood flooring by adhesive bonding under cold weather conditions on indoor air quality (IAQ) and analyzes an onsite strategy that can ensure the adhesion strength of the wood flooring and improve IAQ. To examine the temperature effects of adhesive bonding on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from wood flooring, the emission rates from flooring composites were compared with those from adhesive and plywood flooring as individual materials under temperature variations in a small-scale chamber. In addition, the effect of strategies, including room heating to enhance adhesion performance, and the ventilation on material emissions and indoor concentrations, were examined in onsite apartment units equipped with a radiant floor heating system. The results of the small-scale chamber test showed that VOC emissions increased notably when the temperature was elevated, particularly in the adhesive-bonded plywood flooring compared to plywood flooring alone. The results of the onsite field test showed that the flooring bonded onto the radiant floor heating system, which supplied direct heat to the flooring, caused emission of a large amount of VOCs due to the combined effects of the bonding installation and temperature-dependent characteristics. Overall, the results indicate that heating the room in conjunction with ventilation is an effective strategy to ensure adhesion strength and to improve IAQ under cold weather adhesive bonding conditions when the material temperatures can be properly maintained.     

The contaminant removal efficiency of an air cleaner using the adsorption/desorption effect

The adsorption and desorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in relation to material surfaces were conducted to control indoor air quality. The VOC removal performance of building materials using sorption effects was validated in cases related to poor indoor air quality that occurred during non-ventilation periods during intermittent-ventilation situations. The objective of this investigation is to present the contaminant removal efficiency and practicality of a prototype air cleaner which uses sorption effects. Toluene and formaldehyde were used as pollutant sources and were continuously emitted into the test chamber. Effects due to the number of sorption units, operation time and mode of contaminant removal performance were examined. The sorption materials evaluated in this investigation were a porous material, zeolite, pumice stone and hydro-corn. As a result of the experiments, zeolite exhibited relatively high contaminant removal efficiency with toluene, and zeolite and the porous material exhibited high removal efficiency with formaldehyde for both one-cycle and two-cycle sorption modes. Moreover, significant removal performances were observed in the numerical analysis of the continuous-operation mode.     

Indoor air quality control in case of scheduled or intermittent occupancy based building: Development of a scale model

When a building is used only for intermittent occupancy, continuous operation of ventilation system is not necessary for achieving good indoor air quality during the occupation periods. Such buildings have a great energy saving potential which is not harnessed enough yet. Indeed, energy loss can be avoided by promoting natural means and managing mechanical ones. Therefore, control strategies based on time and/or occupancy scheduled ventilation associated to pre-purge ventilation constitute a key for an energy efficient ventilation system.