某催化裂化装置富吸收油返塔温度选择

采用PRO II流程模拟软件对某催化裂化装置富吸收油不同温度返塔方案进行了模拟计算,经过分析和比较,认为富吸收油从再吸收塔底抽出后不经过换热直接返回分馏塔,更有利于低温位热量的回收,同时简化了换热流程,减少了设备投资。     

Q345 Ultra-Heavy Plate Rolled with Temperature Gradient

It seems to be generally acceptable that recrystallization-controlled rolling is used to produce ultra-heavy plate. However, due to large thickness of the slab, it is difficult to make enough plastic deformation, occurred in central layer. This leads to coarse grain in the center and heterogeneity of property along thickness direction. In this study, the effect of temperature gradient on the strain and austenite grain recrystallization was investigated during ultra-heavy plate rolling by means of FEM and experiments. Results indicate that gradient temperature rolling is better for increasing strain and enhancing austenite recrystallization in the center of ultra-heavy plate.     

Interfacial Thermal Resistance and the Solidification Behavior of the Al/SiCp Composites

The objective of this investigation is to study the effects of applied pressure on the solidification time and interfacial thermal resistance of A356/10% SiC_p during squeeze casting. Samples were prepared for various but constant squeeze pressures up to 130 MPa while maintaining the melt and mold temperatures at 800°C and 400°C, respectively. It was observed that the solidification time was 60 s when no squeeze pressure was applied but it decreased to 42 s when the squeeze pressure was maintained at 130 MPa. The results also showed that the cooling rate increased with squeeze pressure. The solidification time calculated from one-dimensional heat flow theory was found to be close to that obtained from the experimental cooling curves. The interfacial thermal resistance between the mold and the casting was calculated and it decreases when the squeeze pressure increases.     

Gas-cooled reactor thermal hydraulic analyses with MELCOR

Pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) has been selected as the reference design for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). Stemming from a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) HTGR research initiative, a need was identified for validation of systems-level computer code modeling capabilities in anticipation of the eventual need to perform licensing analyses. Because the NRC has used MELCOR for light water reactors (LWR) in the past and because MELCOR was recently updated to include gas-cooled reactor (GCR) physics models, MELCOR is among the system codes of interest to the NRC. This paper describes MELCOR modeling of the General Atomics' Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). The MHGTR is a suitable design for demonstration of MELCOR GCR modeling competency for two reasons: 1) the MHTGR is a predecessor to the more advanced General Atomics’ Gas-Turbine Modular High Temperature Reactor (GTMHR), and 2) experimental data useful for benchmark calculations may soon become available. Using the most complete literature references available for the MHTGR design, researchers at Texas A&M University (TAMU) constructed a MELCOR input deck for the MHTGR to partially validate MELCOR GCR modeling capabilities. Normal and off-normal system operating conditions were modeled with appropriate boundary and initial conditions. MELCOR predictions of system response were obtained for steady-state, pressurized conduction cool-down (PCC), and depressurized conduction cool-down (DCC) scenarios. Code results were checked against nominal MHTGR design parameters, physical intuition, and anticipated GCR thermal hydraulic response. No inherent deficiencies in MELCOR modeling capability were observed, suggesting that the newly-implemented GCR models are adequate for systems-level analysis. If and when experimental benchmark data becomes available, further validation activities may proceed given the modeling efforts discussed herein.     

粉末冶金真空炉专用新型热电偶与在线原位校准

从粉末冶金行业的精确生产与优质高效的战略出发,简述粉末冶金行业用钨铼热电偶的特点、分类与使用。详细论述粉末冶金真空炉专用超高真空(10~5 Pa)、超高压(15 MPa)密封式热电偶及炉温均匀性测试等新型传感器。详细探讨真空炉测温准确度的影响因素:真空度、发射率、热导率、热响应时间及热电偶的插入深度、热电偶保护管的选择等;简介进口真空炉专用热电偶国产化研究,国内外温度传感器性能对比及替代进口真空炉热电偶的成功业绩。目前,对测温系统的检定,多采用分立元件法,即对构成测温系统的元件及仪表分别进行检定。此种检定方法是离线的。本文简述离线式检定方法的诸多弊端以及美国宇航标准(AMS 2750E)中,有关系统准确度校准的特点及要求。详细论述在线原位校准的最新理念,最佳的系统准确度校准方案,并开发出与其配套、行之有效的带有校准孔的热电偶及便携式在线校准仪。为了提高测温系统的准确度,建议采用在线原位校准,方便易行,现已在国内推广应用。     

Studies on the potential risk of liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC) in normal‐temperature and high‐temperature hot‐dip galvanizing of high strength bolts of dimensions greater M24

Liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC) mainly occurs due to an unfavorable interaction of three factors: a susceptible material condition, presence of a liquid metal and sufficient tensile stress. Hot‐dip galvanizing of high‐strength bolts induces high thermal loads in bolts made of tempered steel in the presence of a zinc melt and thus, provides the boundary conditions for the above mentioned critical factors to interact. The focus of this study is on investigating thermally‐induced stresses in large diameter bolts and their impact on the formation of liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC). In order to calculate the thermal loads in hot‐dip galvanizing, simulations were carried out regarding the thermo‐mechanical behavior of bolts during the hot‐dip galvanizing process. The simulations illustrate that cracks are most likely to occur in the first thread turn. This prediction is confirmed by experimental observations.     

热应力作用下LNG储罐外罐裂缝及失效时间分析

对于大型液化天然气储罐,内罐泄漏时,由于内外表面温差产生的巨大热应力对于外罐裂缝开展及储罐失效有非常重要的影响。为了获得外罐裂缝的开展规律以及储罐失效时间以便指导实际工程的设计与维护,利用传热学与弹塑性力学相关理论,提出了一种应力叠加方法,近似计算在内罐泄漏时外罐出现裂缝的内外温差,并且结合数值模拟结果进行对比分析,验证理论方法的准确性,确定裂缝开展规律,最终求得内罐从最不利泄漏点开始泄漏到外罐内侧混凝土开裂的储罐失效时间。结果表明:①内罐泄漏时,热应力巨大,不可忽略,热应力和其他荷载共同作用导致外罐产生大量裂缝,裂缝首先在外罐顶部内表面产生,并迅速向外表面开展,最终贯穿罐顶,导致储罐失效;②首次求得了储罐从内罐开始泄漏到外罐产生裂缝的最小时间,在此时间内采取有力措施及时处理,对控制事故发展、避免发生严重灾害具有重要意义。     

Sub-zero cooling: A novel strategy for high performance cutting

In this paper, a novel cooling strategy for high performance cutting is presented. A metalworking fluid, composed of water and polyhydric alcohols is applied at temperatures below 0 °C, but above the temperatures used for cryogenic cutting. This cooling strategy is applied when rough turning Ti-6Al-4V. An analysis of temperatures, forces, tool wear and chip formation is carried out. The results are compared with those obtained using emulsion, CO₂, LN₂, and dry turning. It can be shown that when tempering the sub-zero metalworking fluid down to ?30° C, tool temperatures as well as tool wear are reduced, and favourable chips are produced.     

柱状晶Cu-Al-Be形状记忆合金低温压缩性能研究

利用竖直下拉式热型连铸技术制备柱状晶Cu-Al-Be形状记忆合金,其马氏体相变结束温度(Mf)在-50℃以下,柱状晶生长方向为轴向。在温度低于Mf时,对普通多晶、平行于柱状晶方向和垂直于柱状晶方向的试样分别进行单向压缩试验,并进行金相组织观察与断口形貌分析。结果发现,柱状晶Cu-Al-Be合金杆件组织结构为类似于贝壳的仿生结构且断裂形式相似,垂直于柱状晶方向的试样塑性最好,断裂前吸收能量最高,综合性能最好。     

Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Settling Behavior of Liquid-Liquid Dispersions

The settling behavior of liquid-liquid dispersions at ambient temperature and pressure is well investigated. However, little is known about the settling behavior of those systems at high pressure and high temperature. In this work, a novel stainless steel settling cell is presented, enabling investigations on liquid-liquid settling behavior at high pressures up to 130 bar. The settling behavior of a promising CO₂ hydrogenation reaction system is investigated by sequentially determining influences of dissolved CO₂, side components, and temperature.