油槽形式对摩擦副温度场影响的数值模拟

为研究液黏传动装置摩擦副在混合摩擦阶段表面的热分布情况,应用ANSYS建立了摩擦副的三维有限元模型;对比分析径向油槽、周向油槽、复合型油槽(径向+周向)3种不同油槽结构形式对摩擦副表面温度分布情况的影响。结果表明:对偶片表面在80 s接合过程中其温度最大值为Tmax=215.848℃;复合型油槽摩擦片表面在周向油槽、径向油槽和摩擦接触区的温度分别为Tmax=129.145℃,Tmax=100.84℃,Tmax=131.255℃;相对单一型油槽对应区域的温度较低。因此,复合型油槽具有较好的冷却效果,是一种较为理想的油槽形式;其结果对液黏传动装置摩擦副表面油槽结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

慢走丝线切割单点放电温度场有限元分析

建立了慢走丝电火花线切割单脉冲放电模型,利用有限元分析了单脉冲放电温度场分布。计算出该条件下工件放电凹坑几何特征,与实际切割条件下的材料去除率进行了对比,并根据电火花线切割的加工特点进行了修正。讨论了不同峰值电流和脉冲宽度条件下,蚀除凹坑体积与材料去除率(MRR)的变化规律,并分析了峰值电流和脉冲宽度对MRR的交互作用。分析结果表明:考虑实际加工的相关因素,模拟的单脉冲放电的MRR经修正后可以近似表征实际连续切割时的MRR;单个凹坑的蚀除量随着电流和脉宽的增大而增大,并且电流和脉宽的交互作用随着它们取值的增大而更加明显。     

Artificial neural network modeling of thin layer drying behavior of municipal sewage sludge

The back-propagation (BP) and generalized regression neural network models (GRNN) were investigated to predict the thin layer drying behavior in municipal sewage sludge during hot air forced convection. The accuracy of the BP model to predict the moisture content of the sewage sludge thin layer during hot air forced convective drying was far higher than that of the GRNN model. The GRNN models could automatically determine the best smoothing parameters, which were 0.6 and 0.3 for predicting the moisture content and average temperature, respectively. The model type for predicting the average temperature of the sewage sludge thin layer was selected for different sample groups by comparing their MSE values or R² values. The GRNN model was suitable for predicting the average temperature corresponding to the sample groups at hot air velocity of 0.6 m/s, and drying temperatures of 100 °C, 160 °C; hot air velocity of 1.4 m/s, and drying temperatures of 130 °C, 140 °C; hot air velocity of 2.0 m/s, and drying temperatures of 150 °C, 160 °C. The average temperature for the other sample groups was best predicted by the BP model.     

基于模糊PID算法的挤出机机筒温度控制系统设计

针对传统塑料挤出机机筒温度控制系统存在的收敛时间长、超调量大、温度控制精度低的现象,对塑料挤出机机筒的温度控制采取模糊PID控制算法,可以使系统既具有PID控制的可靠性和快速性,又具有模糊控制的高鲁棒性和强适应性,并能消除传统温控系统中普遍存在的温度控制不确定时滞,从而确保系统具有良好的动、静态特性,保证精确控温。开发了基于西门子S7-300 PLC平台的模糊PID温度控制系统,经过现场测试,稳定时间较开关控制法缩短30%左右,超调量确保在2℃以内,达到良好的控制效果。     

起动阶段涡轮导向叶片热应力及冷却作用研究

建立了涡轮导向叶片有限元分析模型,参照相关的试验数据和文献资料确定热边界条件,计算了发动机起动阶段涡轮导向叶片各瞬时的温度及热应力。分析所得高温、高应力区域与相似条件下某型发动机地面试车过程中出现裂纹的区域基本一致,验证了数值模拟过程的正确性。在此基础上,对比分析施加对流冷却与无冷却措施两种条件下的计算结果,发现对流冷却使叶片各点温度下降而应力升高,推断出温度与应力的变化趋势反向,因而在叶片冷却系统的设计中需要权衡温度与应力的关系。其结果与结论对叶片瞬态热应力计算和热疲劳分析有一定的借鉴意义。     

核电站安全壳表面裂缝成因分析及对策研究

根据核电站安全壳表面裂缝的表现形式,分析了裂缝的形成原因,通过建立ANSYS分析模型,研究了夏季和冬季时安全壳的表面温度应力。结果表明,运营期间裂缝产生的主要原因为混凝土收缩应力和温度应力造成的,并针对安全壳表面裂缝提出了处理建议。     

大体积混凝土承台温控分析

以中博会展中心大体积承台的施工为例,探讨了大体积混凝土施工的温度控制措施;按平面应变理论建立了数值分析模型,利用有限元对大体积承台进行了温度场和应力场的模拟分析;对承台内部的混凝土温度进行了测量,并对实测结果进行了分析。     

Acid leaching and rheological behaviour of a siliceous goethitic nickel laterite ore: Influence of particle size and temperature

This study investigates the isothermal, batch, H₂SO₄ acid leaching behaviour of siliceous goethitic (SG) nickel (Ni) laterite ore and its links to pulp rheology. Specifically, the effect of feed ore particle size (−0.2 vs −2.0 mm), leaching temperature (70 vs 95 °C) and pulp rheology on Ni and pay metal, cobalt (Co) extraction kinetics and yield was studied for 4 h on 40 wt.% solid dispersions at pH 1. The leaching behaviour was distinctly incongruent, reflecting the disproportionate proliferation of major gangue mineral’s constituent elements (e.g., Fe, Al, Mg, Na, Si) alongside Ni and Co in the pregnant leach solution. At 70 °C, Ni/Co extraction rates were notably lower (<20%) in contrast with 95 °C where a significant increase in Ni/Co extraction to 78/77% and 74/77%, respectively, for the −0.2 and −2.0 mm feeds occurred. The slurries displayed a non-Newtonian, shear thinning Bingham plastic rheological behaviour of which the viscosity and shear yield stress increased markedly in the course of 4 h leaching. The pulp viscosity and shear yield stress were greater at lower temperature than at higher temperature and they were also greater in slurries with finer than coarser feed particles. The dynamic pulp rheology, however, had no marked effect on the overall Ni/Co extraction rates. Whilst the feed ore particle size had no remarkable impact on overall Ni/Co extraction, it led to noticeably higher acid consumption and enhanced slurry rheology in the finer sized ore. The mechanism of leaching the SG ore followed a two-stage, first order chemical reaction-controlled shrinking core model, the kinetics of which gave higher rate constants and lower activation energies for the release of Ni, Co, Fe and Mg in the first stage. A faster leaching process involving more reactive minerals during the first 30 min is envisaged to be followed by leaching of the more refractory minerals.     

初始进气条件对生物柴油发动机NO_x排放影响的数值模拟

丁酸甲酯具有甲酯类物质最基本的化学结构,可以有效模拟生物柴油的氧化特性。采用丁酸甲酯代替生物柴油,模拟了生物柴油的HCCI燃烧,考察了进气温度和初始压力对生物柴油燃烧过程和NOx排放的影响。结果表明:进气温度升高,丁酸甲酯滞燃期变短,着火时刻提前,温度峰值升高,高温驻留时间增长,导致NOx排放增大。进气压力升高,着火时刻提前;压力峰值增大,温度峰值变化较小,NOx排放增加幅度较小。与进气压力相比,进气温度对NOx的影响较大。     

振荡序列灰预测方法及其在干式变压器温度控制器中的应用研究

提出了一种基于灰预测的干式变压器温度控制策略,对灰预测方法、温度控制策略及温度控制系统做了详细分析.