A simple strategy to generate light-responsive azobenzene-containing epoxy networks

Azobenzene containing epoxy networks are a class of photosensitive materials characterized by high thermal, optical and mechanical stability, promising for reversible optical storage applications. Here, we propose an encouraging two-step method to fabricate crosslinked coatings by simply reacting an amine-functionalized azobenzene and an epoxy resin in bulk for specified times to get soluble products (network precursors). Thin films based on these precursors were prepared, and thermally crosslinked in order to obtain high-T_g materials. The optical response of the materials was determined, both before and after crosslinking. In the case of the samples as prepared, the dynamic time response of the system is fast, as well as the relaxation of the photoinduced birefringence, as expected due to the high mobility of the chromophore. On the other hand, crosslinked systems have a slightly slower response, but higher values of remnant birefringence, providing stability of the photoinduced orientation, what makes them promising materials to use in optical storage applications. Besides, further analysis on the effect of temperature on the induced birefringence of the polymeric networks was also conducted to help optimization of material design. Finally, we had presented some preliminary investigations of surface relief grating recording in the obtained new materials.     

泌阳北部斜坡地区复杂断块群成像技术探讨

泌阳凹陷北部斜坡是河南油田的重点勘探区块之一,其构造产状复杂,断层发育；根据高精度勘探思路,提出多域数据重构体去噪方法进行规则干扰压制,层析反演静校正解决该区复杂地表条件引起的静校正方面的问题；然后基于各向异性双谱速度分析技术,进一步提高该区成像速度模型的精度；通过分析偏移孔径、去假频参数等处理参数对成像效果的影响,确...     

Biomimetic surfaces with controlled direction-dependent adhesion

We propose a novel design of a biomimetic micro-structured surface, which exhibits controlled strongly direction-dependent adhesion properties. The micro-system consists of parallel elastic wall-like structures covered by a thin layer. Numerical calculations have been carried out to study the adhesive properties of the proposed system and to provide design criteria with the aim of obtaining optimized geometries. A numerically equivalent version of the double cantilever beam fracture experiment is, then, simulated by means of finite element analysis to investigate the anisotropic adhesion of the structure. We find that, because of inherent crack trapping properties of these types of structures, the wall-like geometry allows us to strongly enhance adhesion when the detachment direction is perpendicular to the walls. On the other hand, when the detachment occurs parallel to the walls, the system shows low adhesion. This controlled direction-dependent adhesive property of the proposed structure solves one of the key problems of biomimetic adhesive surfaces, which usually show very strong adhesion, even larger than biological systems, but are not suitable for object manipulation and locomotion, as detachment always occurs at high loads and cannot be controlled.     

A note on the divergence problem arising in calculation of Green’s function for a 2D piezoelectric thin film strip containing straight line defects and free boundaries: Fourier approach for bodies of unrestricted anisotropy

In this paper we derive a set of novel formulas for computation of the Green’s function and the coupled electro-elastic fields in a 2D piezoelectric strip with free boundaries and containing a distribution of straight line defects. The strip is assumed to be of unrestricted anisotropy, but allowing piezoelectricity, and in this sense situation is more general than in the available literature where only cubic symmetry was investigated. We employ a set of already known analytic formulas for the Fourier amplitude of the Green’s function and the corresponding electro-elastic fields. The key novelty of this paper is solution for the divergence problem occurring during integration of the Fourier amplitude. This problem is caused by poles at k = 0 in various matrix components of the amplitude. From purely mathematical point of view such poles lead to quantities which do not tend to zero at infinity, and this situation is clearly unphysical. To resolve this issue it is demonstrated by means of rigorous analysis that when some additional physical conditions are imposed, physical fields exhibit regular behavior at infinity - the poles do not contribute. Nevertheless, they lead to irremovable numerical ∞ − ∞ uncertainties spreading over the whole domain of integration. This motivates us to compute exact formulas for all these poles to enable engineering calculations involving the system in question.     

膨胀土微结构对膨胀行为的影响

评估膨胀土的膨胀行为对于膨胀土地区的结构设计十分重要。因降雨入渗,膨胀土在垂直方向和水平方向均产生膨胀变形,当膨胀变形受抑制时将产生膨胀压力,影响其周围结构的稳定性。为揭示膨胀土在增湿膨胀过程中出现各向异性的原因,从微观角度出发,通过电镜扫描(SEM)对百色中膨胀土和枝江弱膨胀土的微观结构进行观察,并通过图像处理技术统计分析膨胀土内黏土矿物颗粒的层状排列。通过研发的二维膨胀仪和改进的试件制备方法,从宏观角度测得了侧限条件下的两向膨胀规律。研究结果表明,膨胀土的微观结构呈片状且面-面相叠;当膨胀土处于天然松散状态时,其内部的黏土矿物颗粒随机定向排列且集聚;压实后,因受各向不均等应力作用,黏土矿物颗粒开始趋向于水平层状排列;干密度越大,土样越密实,其水平层状排列越显著。侧限条件下,两向的膨胀规律表现出显著的差异,干密度越大,膨胀性越强,这种差异就越明显。然而,对黏土矿物颗粒来说,其膨胀的方向垂直于其长轴,高度的水平定向是造成膨胀土在宏观上表现出膨胀各向异性的原因,这种两向的膨胀差异受到干密度和膨胀性的影响,难以做出预测,建议在工程实践中实测两向的膨胀规律。     

岩石表面形态的各向异性及其摩擦特性研究

岩体的力学性质取决于岩块的强度、岩块的表面形态和岩块的几何组合结构，通过对砂岩、泥岩破裂面及其互层接触的摩擦试验，分析了不同接触面的剪应力一位移变化规律，提取了摩擦试验中样品的表面形态参数，研究了砂岩、泥岩在摩擦前后破裂面表面形态的变化，分析了它们的粗糙度及其起伏特性在摩擦前后的变化规律，研究了岩石表面形态的各向异性和岩石摩擦强度的关系．结果表明：岩石破裂面的力学行为具有各向异性特征，而这种特征不但取决于破裂面的空间形貌，即破裂面形貌自身的各向异性，而且还和摩擦面相对移动的方向有关．     

T1相(Al2CuLi)对铝锂合金各向异性的贡献

在分析T1相基本特性的基础上，结合相关工作，论述T1相与位错的交互作用、T1相与结构的相互影响、T1相对合金各向异性的贡献及稀土Ce的作用。结果表明，T1相因其分布及形貌而难以有效阻碍共面滑移；T1相对形变织构的形成起调整作用；织构的存在使T1相的分布及其与位错的作用发生变化，从而使其强化贡献具有各向异性。Ce影响形变织构的形成和合金的时效析出，并对共面滑移具有双重作用，从而改变T1相强化的各向异性。     

Estimate of Stress-Strain State of Rocks in the Area of Drilling Kola Ultradeep Well

The values of horizontal tectonic stresses are estimated up to depth of 11 500 m by the measurement of velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in rock samples extracted from various depths when drilling Kola Ultradeep Well.