Effect of geometry and green density on the anisotropic sintering shrinkage of axisymmetric iron parts

Sintering shrinkage of prior cold compacted iron rings with different geometry (height to wall thickness ratio) and green density in the 6.5–7.3?g/cm³ range was investigated. It displays a minimum at an intermediate green density. Axial, tangential and radial shrinkages are different, due to the gradients of green density along the axial and the radial directions. Therefore, the effect of height on shrinkage and its anisotropy is the result of their effect on the stress distribution in the green parts during cold compaction, and the resulting green density and deformation experienced by the powder. Anisotropy decreases on increasing shrinkage.     

Triaxiality at crack tip for combined Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy subjected to mixed-mode (I/II) fracture

Structural parts used in boilers, turbines, ships, and many household purposes are manufactured through sheet metal forming processes. During manufacturing, the micro structure of the material is deformed and micro cracks along with anisotropic properties get induced. Present research deals with a thin sheet metal plate containing a central crack subjected to mixed mode (I+II) loading. With special reference to Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy, the effect of anisotropic triaxiality on crack initiation angle has been investigated. The result reveals the combinations of Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy for which crack initiation angle do not change.     

利用测井资料分析计算东海平湖油气田地应力

利用测井资料研究平湖油气田的地应力,对平湖油气田低渗透储层压裂、钻井和开发都有重要意义。文中利用密度、自然伽马、交叉偶极横波测井等资料,对平湖油气田地层的岩石力学参数(泊松比、弹性模量、体积模量、剪切模量、抗压强度、抗剪强度和抗张强度)进行了计算;为确定地层压力和构造应力系数,借鉴前人的研究成果,分别应用黄氏和葛氏地应力计算模型,建立平湖油气田地应力计算方法,并通过岩心差应变法地应力实验验证了该方法的准确性;采用基于XMAC-Ⅱ快横波方位法确定的平湖油气田的地应力方向,与岩心波速各向异性法及黏滞剩磁法地应力实验确定的地应力方向吻合较好。     

Gas-diffusion layer's structural anisotropy induced localized instability of nafion membrane in polymer electrolyte fuel cell

The design of robust polymer electrolyte fuel cell requires a thorough understanding of the materials' response of the cell components to the operational conditions such as temperature and hydration. As the electrolyte membrane's mechanical properties are temperature, hydration and rate dependent, its response under cyclic loading is of significant importance to predict the damage onset and thus the membrane lifetime. This article reports on the variation in stress levels in the membrane induced due to the gas-diffusion layer's (GDL) anisotropic mechanical properties while accurately capturing the membrane's mechanical response under time dependent hygrothermomechanical conditions. An observation is made on the evolution of negative strain in the membrane under the bipolar plate channel area, which is an indication of membrane thinning, and the magnitude of this strain found to depend upon the GDL's in-plane mechanical properties. In order to come up with a strategy that reduces the magnitude of tensile stresses evolved in the membrane during the hygrothermal unloading and to increase the membrane's lifetime, we numerically show that by employing a fast hygrothermal loading rate and unloading rate strategy, significant reduction (in this study, nearly 100%) in the magnitude of tensile stresses is achievable. The present study assists in understanding the relation between materials compatibility and durability of fuel cell components.     

The effect of evaporation on size and shape evolution of faceted gold nanoparticles on sapphire

We studied the size and shape evolution of about 180 faceted gold nanoparticles attached to a sapphire substrate during annealing at 950 °C in air. We employed the scanning force microscopy and interrupted annealing techniques to track the changes in size and shape of individual nanoparticles. The height of all single-crystalline nanoparticles was constant up to the longest cumulative annealing time of 65 h. The lateral dimensions of ∼20% of all nanoparticles shrunk during anneals, while all three dimensions of the remaining 80% of nanoparticles remained constant. Only the nanoparticles with the height below the average (for all particles) were laterally shrinking. We formulated a kinetic model relating the lateral shrinkage of the nanoparticles to the evaporation of Au atoms adsorbed on sapphire. We also assumed that the process controlling particles shrinkage is the slow self-diffusion of Au atoms along the lateral facets of the nanoparticles toward the substrate. The model predicted a power law dependence of the shrinkage rate on the particle height, with the exponent n = 3. The corresponding exponent determined from the experimental data was n = −2.9 ± 0.3, in excellent agreement with the theory. The low value of the effective self-diffusion coefficient along the lateral facets determined with the aid of our model (3.2 ± 0.2 × 10⁻¹⁷ m² s⁻¹) was attributed to the difficulties of step nucleation on atomically flat facets.     

AZ31镁合金的各向异性及断裂行为

研究织构和异常长大晶粒对热轧AZ31镁合金力学各向异性和断裂行为的影响.在拉伸轴与板材的法向方向分别呈0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°和90°下进行单轴拉伸实验,观察不同角度下样品的拉伸各向异性.结果表明:由于{1012}孪晶的出现,在0°-30°时样品表现出较低的屈服强度;当角度大于45°时,样品的主要的变形机制为基面和柱面滑移;当角度低于60°时,宏观断口平行于大晶粒拉长的方向;在75°和90°时样品的宏观断口呈锯齿状.     

强界面能各向异性下二元Ni-Cu合金枝晶生长过程的相场法模拟

基于Wheeler模型和Eggleston修正强界面能各向异性的方法,建立耦合溶质场和温度场的相场模型,模拟强界面能各向异性下Ni-Cu合金枝晶生长过程.结果表明:在强界面能各向异性作用下,界面方向枝晶生长不连续且枝晶出现棱角;由于枝晶尖端温度梯度和溶质梯度较大,枝晶生长迅速.当界面能各向异性强度低于临界值时,枝晶尖端生长速度随界面能各向异性强度的增加而增大;当界面能各向异性强度等于临界值时,枝晶尖端生长速度下降4.34％;当界面能各向异性强度大于临界值时,枝晶尖端生长速度随界面能各向异性强度的增加先增大到极大值后逐渐减小.当无量纲热过冷度较小时,晶体平衡形貌为类矩形;随着无量纲热过冷度的增加,晶体平衡形貌向枝晶转变,枝晶尖端生长速度先呈幂指数增加,然后呈线性增加,枝晶生长由扩散控制转变为动力学控制.     

金满铜矿板岩各向异性试验研究

对云南金满铜矿的灰色和紫色两种板岩进行单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明:两种板岩都具有明显的各向异性。灰色板岩在平行层理加载下的抗压强度、平均弹性模量和平均泊松比与垂直层理加载的比值分别为:0.621,.668,.68;紫色板岩的比值为1.63,8.383,4.64。当体积应变εv<0和泊松比μ>0.5时就能反映出岩石在加载过程中产生了扩容现象。在平行层理加载下的体积应变在较低的应力(破坏载荷的5%～20%)处就产生了明显的扩容,而在垂直层理加载下的体积应变临近破坏时才出现扩容现象。     

渗透系数各向异性对地下水封洞室涌水量影响的数值模拟分析

为了分析洞室涌水量,本文运用数值模拟技术建立了研究区地下水的三维数值模型.在模型中综合考虑了基岩裂隙含水介质渗透系数(K)的各向异性,应用水均衡计算分析了不同Kv/Kh比值条件对洞室涌水量的影响.结果表明:随着Kv/Kh比值增加,洞室涌水量也相应有所增加;Kv/Kh比值的变化对洞室涌水量的变化趋势影响不明显;不同Kv/...     

TAP项目X100钢管的制造

为了研究X100高钢级管线钢管在真实工况下生命周期内的完整性,ENI集团起动了TAP(Trasporto Gas Alta Pressione)项目,目的在于确认使用新开发的X100钢所制造的高压力管线的经济可行性、技术可靠性以及可施工性是否满足要求.简要介绍了TAP项目的概况和新开发的X100钢板的制造.重点分析了用...