Mixed matrix metal–organic framework membranes for efficient CO2/N2 separation under humid conditions

Mixed matrix metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes show excellent application prospects in gas separation. However, their stability in various practical application scenarios is poor, especially under humid conditions. Herein, we encapsulated a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) into the cavity of MOFs, which effectively mitigated the competition between H₂O and CO₂ in humid gas mixtures, leading to stable and high-performance gas separation. For this reason, the resulting membranes using polymer of intrinsic miroporosity-1 (PIM-1) as a polymer matrix show good CO₂/N₂ separation performance and long-term test stability under humid environment. In particular, the 20 wt% IL-UiO/PIM-1 shows a high permeability of 13,778 Barrer and competitive CO₂/N₂ separation factor of ~35.2, transcending the latest upper bound. Besides, the according membrane module exhibits slightly decreased CO₂ permeability and selectivity, promoting the application of self-supporting membranes. This work provides a reliable strategy for the rational design of MOF-based hybrid membranes under extreme conditions.     

Mechanisms of Syneresis in Rennet Curd without Mechanical Treatment

An original method for syneresis evaluation was developed, based on image analysis which enabled direct monitoring of curd shrinkage. Image analysis was employed in combination with the customary tracer method to follow the effects of cutting on curd syneresis. The two methods were then utilized to study curd syneresis in the presence of ethanol, a solvent less polar than water. Curd syneresis was reduced in the presence of diluted ethanol which led to the hypothesis that the mechanism which causes rennet curd to synerese probably relates to changes in protein conformation, essentially due to hydrophobic bonding.     

疏水和超级疏水整理的新测试方法

目前基于全球化的世界经济形势迫使西欧工业在高品质领域更多地革新和发展,并把大量的廉价产品的生产向低工资国家转移.因此,高效能产品和高度发展的制造工艺在欧洲赢得了越来越重要的意义.于是,至今而论,进一步改善那些高品质产品,并根据情况尽量生产高价格产品仍然是正确的.     

改性羰基铁粉制备及其在蓝光固化磁控超疏水薄膜中的应用

针对超疏水涂层膜在固化过程中功能性颗粒的不受控运动以及传统的热固化能耗高、耗时长的缺点,通过对羰基铁粉进行改性,并将磁控技术和蓝光固化技术相结合构筑超疏水薄膜。分析改性剂质量比、用量、pH值以及温度对羰基铁粉改性效果的影响,确定最佳改性工艺;研究了磁场强度对光固化薄膜表面接触角以及形貌的影响规律。结果表明:当改性剂3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷与1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟葵基三甲氧基硅烷质量比为1:3,质量分数为20%,pH值为6,温度为75 ℃,时间为1.5 h时,羰基铁粉表面改性效果最佳,其活化度达到96%,Zeta电位绝对值由22 mV提高至43 mV;随着磁感应强度的增加,薄膜表面接触角不断增加,当磁感应强度为75 mT时,超疏水薄膜的表面接触角达到157.6°,滚动角为6°,符合超疏水标准。     

淀粉疏水改性研究进展

传统变性淀粉只有单一的亲水性质,淀粉的疏水改性成为该领域的研究热点之一。介绍了国内外烷基脂肪酸淀粉酯和烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的研究现状及存在的问题,认为对烷基脂肪酸淀粉酯要重点研究低成本、环境友好制备高取代度的产物;而对烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯要重点研究低葡萄糖值的酶解产物。前者可以通过改变淀粉颗粒结构来改善,后者可以通过减少酶用量和作用时间并采用挤出技术或滚筒干燥等途径实现。     

HYDROPHOBIC POLYPEPTIDE EXTRACTION DURING HIGH GRAVITY MASHING— EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT

The aim was to establish if a substantial increase in hydrophobic polypeptides could be achieved during high gravity mashing. When worts with gravities ranging from 5–20°P were analysed for hydrophobic polypeptide content it was found that there was no appreciable increase in hydrophobic polypeptide levels. Remashing of the spent grains from low and high gravity mashes demonstrated that this resulted from inefficient extraction of hydrophobic polypeptide levels during the mashing process. For example, wort produced from remashed high gravity spent grains contained 150 mg/L hydrophobic polypeptides compared to only 10 mg/L in the low gravity remashed spent grains. Experiments were conducted, employing standard mashing techniques, in an attempt to increase the extraction of hydrophobic polypeptides during high gravity mashing. Thus the use of gypsum, proteolytic stands, varying liquor to grist ratios and wheat malt addition were all investigated for their effect on hydrophobic polypeptide extraction during high and low gravity mashing. Wort analysis demonstrated that none of the techniques employed had a significant effect on hydrophobic polypeptide extraction. When wort from remashed spent grains was used as mashing in liquor for a fresh mash and the resultant worts analysed for hydrophobic polypeptides it was observed that no increase in hydrophobic polypeptide extraction was achieved. For example, wort from the remashed high gravity spent grains, containing 140 mg/L hydrophobic polypeptides, when used as mashing-in liquor, produced no increase in hydrophobic polypeptide levels in the resultant high gravity wort (230 mg/L) when compared to a high gravity wort produced using distilled water as mashing-in liquor (255 mg/L). It is therefore concluded that a saturation point has been reached and no more hydrophobic polypeptides can be extracted during mashing regardless of the procedures employed.     

疏水性低共熔溶剂萃取分离镍钴的研究

采用三辛基甲基氯化铵（Aliquat 336）与薄荷醇组成的疏水性低共熔溶剂（DES）为萃取剂,从硫氰酸钠溶液中分离Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ),考察了SCN-浓度、温度、酸度等条件对萃取分离性能的影响,研究了Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的反萃行为,并采用紫外-可见吸收光谱分析了疏水DES萃取Co(Ⅱ)的机理。结果表明,Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的分配比随着SCN-浓度的增加而增加,温度和酸度对镍钴的萃取分离性能影响很小,优化条件下Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的分离因子大于400。萃入有机相的Ni(Ⅱ)可采用0.1 mol/L NH3?H2O + 0.1 mol/L NH4Cl + 4 mol/L NaCl溶液洗涤到水相,有机相中的Co(Ⅱ)可采用1 mol/L乙二胺完全反萃。该DES体系萃取Co(Ⅱ)的机理符合阴离子交换。     

吸能超双疏防覆冰涂层对风机叶片防覆冰影响研究

为了解决风机叶片的覆冰问题,对风机叶片基材涂覆吸能超双疏防覆冰涂层,研究吸能超双疏防覆冰涂层的接触角、滚动角、覆冰减少率、冰粘结力、低温脱冰性能和表面温升。通过实验表明:吸能超双疏防覆冰叶片样板具有超疏水、超疏油性能,覆冰比空白叶片样板减少了55%,水平粘结力比空白叶片样板减少了99%,垂直粘结力减少了89%;吸能超双疏防覆冰涂层表面有温升效果,-2℃环境温度下,晴天天气涂层表面温升为4.2℃,多云天气涂层表面温升为2.4℃,阴天天气涂层表面温升为1.7℃。因此,超双疏防覆冰叶片具有超双疏、减少覆冰量、降低冰附着力和低温脱冰的性能,改善了风机运行中叶片覆冰的问题。     

超疏水钛合金表面制备及其抗海洋生物附着性能

为提高钛合金抗海洋生物附着性能,采用激光刻蚀技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面构建不同间距的微米级点阵结构,利用聚合物基纳米复合材料构建微/纳双层结构,制备超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜表征其形貌;用接触角测量仪测量试样的表面接触角;用浅海挂板的方法测试试样的抗海洋生物附着污损性能。结果表明,具有单一微结构的Ti6Al4V合金表面为疏水表面。随着点阵间距的减小,接触角增大。当间距为50μm时,接触角可达131.8o,但试样的表面滚动角较大,将试样竖直甚至翻转,水滴都不滚落;具有微/纳双层结构的Ti6Al4V合金表面为超疏水表面,且随着点阵间距的减小接触角增大,滚动角减小。当间距为50μm时,接触角达163.8o,滚动角仅为1.89o。具有微/纳双层结构的超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面抗海洋生物附着污损性能显著优于抛光Ti6Al4V合金表面及具有单一微结构的Ti6Al4V合金表面。     

纳米疏水剂在生物质型煤中的应用

为了对纳米疏水剂在生物质型煤中的应用进行研究,利用纳米疏水剂在生物制型煤改性过程中的3个影响因素:疏水剂用量、炭化颗粒原始水分和改性时间进行正交试验,并将改性生物质型煤与未改性生物质型煤进行抗压强度、干燥特性及干燥能耗对比分析。结果表明:生物质型煤最佳的改性条件为炭的原始水分7%、疏水剂用量16%、改性时间3 h,并且成型水分能够减少19%左右;改性生物质型煤的干燥时间缩短,干燥速率没有明显变化,干燥能耗降低;用纳米疏水剂改性后的生物质型煤的抗压强度略有提高。