关于核农学创新的几点思考

文章简要介绍了我国核农学在诱变育种、核素示踪技术应用、食品辐照和辐射不育技术防治害虫等方面的研究成果和目前存在的主要问题,以及解决问题途径的思考与建议.文章认为我国的核农学正处在能否继续深入发展的关键时期,迫切需要通过加强学术创新和机制创新来提升我国核农学的发展速度与研究水平.文章强调我国核农学开展学术创新的重点应该是加强基础研究与应用基础研究,而支撑这个创新的关键点在于管理机制的创新.     

The renaissance of home hemodialysis: where we are, why we got here, what is happening in the United States and elsewhere

Home hemodialysis has been around since 1964, but its use has declined over the years in most countries, this despite its advantages, particularly improved patient survival and quality of life and significant cost savings. Experience has shown that home hemodialysis can be performed successfully by many more patients than at present. Recently, with the demonstration of even better results with more frequent hemodialysis that is obviously best performed at home and with the development of new, more patient-friendly machines, the use of home hemodialysis is beginning to increase again.     

以科学发展观提升包钢科技创新竞争力

在打造新包钢的实践中,要落实科学的发展观,分析科技创新大环境,为提高包钢核心竞争力,提出了强化科技创新理念,培养创新人才,转变创新体制与机制的发展思路.     

新军事变革与装备采办的管理创新

人类进入新世纪，国际形势和战略格局的走向日益成为人们关注的焦点。信息革命、新军事变革必然深刻地影响这种走向，而武器装备作为新军事变革3大要素之一，采办管理的改革与创新，在新军事变革中将具有举足轻重的作用。首先回顾了半个世纪以来军事装备采办管理的历史演变；然后概要归纳了美国为适应新军事变革需要，在装备采办管理方面的新举措和新思路；最后，提出了我军装备采办管理创新的若干思路和建议。     

Participatory ergonomics applied in installation work

This paper evaluates a step-by-step participatory approach to better work, applied in reducing the musculoskeletal workload in installation work. To arrive at a reduction in workload, a steering group led the project through the following steps: 1. Introduction: defining the goal and informing all 7000 employees. 2. Analysis: finding major loading tasks. 3. Solution phase: creating solutions in group sessions and prioritise. 4. Testing: promising solutions were tested during real operations. 5. Implementing: spreading the knowledge through the whole company and asking for additional solutions. 6. Evaluation: the effect and process were evaluated. The result was that 138 devices were bought. Seven out of nine devices were used daily. Users reported a good or very good reduction in musculoskeletal loading and were satisfied. The project was cost-effective within 1 year. Adding organizational measures or system solutions could have increased the effect, and more direct participation could have increased the impact. The first steps (introduction, analysis of work, solution generation and user tests) were well organized and contributed to the success. The processes in the last steps were unstructured and the evaluation was not representative. Sixty additional devices were suggested by employees of which 12 were selected. These devices seemed a success, but no data could be obtained on the use and experience with these solutions.     

承力索带电同档跨越2回500 kV线路施工技术

在蔡白线输电线路施工中, 使用承力索带电跨越2 回500 kV 运行线路施工是一次技术创新, 施工难度主要在于首次同时跨越2 条500 kV 带电线路、跨越档距大以及需要考虑天气等不确定因素。施工中采取了相应的措施防止导线偏出封顶网及导线落在封顶网上后承力索下降。通过研究承力索搭设操作过程, 总结了带电跨越线路施工的技术方案。     

Consumer's usage of logistics technologies: Integration of habit into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

Different logistics technologies are emerging to improve the delivery efficiency and service standard of last-mile logistics. This study aims to understand consumer's usage behaviour of logistics technologies focussing on three representative logistics technologies: buy-online-and-pickup-in-store (BOPS), smart locker and drone delivery. A theoretical model is proposed by integrating the factors of habit and attitude into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). A total of 450 valid questionnaires are collected, and the data are analysed using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that (1) rational factors (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and attitude) and irrational factor (habit) collectively determine consumers' usage of logistics technologies; and (2) the key driving factors of consumers' usage behaviour of three logistics technologies do vary. The findings enrich the theoretical research on last-mile logistics and provide managerial implications for retail and logistics service providers.     

Essential ingredients for radical innovations? The role of (un-)related variety and external linkages in Germany

The role of radical innovations for the economy has received increasing attention by German policy-makers. This paper investigates how (un-)related variety and external linkages influence these innovations in German labour market regions. Evidence is found that related and unrelated knowledge capabilities both support the emergence of radical innovations, although strong related capabilities are especially important. External linkages have an inverted u-shape relation to radically new ideas and can act as substitute for missing unrelated competences in a region. The results shed new light on the emergence of radical innovations and thus have interesting scientific and practical implications.     

Effective digital collaboration in the construction industry – A case study of BIM deployment in a hospital construction project

Building information modeling (BIM) and related digital innovations can serve as a catalyst for more transparency, tighter integration, and increased productivity in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. Yet, many project teams struggle with how to work based on the new technology. Collaborative design based on shared information systems like BIM requires changing traditional and institutionalized work practices and routines. A case study of integrated BIM design in a large healthcare construction project serves as an example for how commonly experienced challenges can be overcome. The project has been awarded BuildingSMART's 2015 award for ‘outstanding open BIM practice’ making it Norway's role model for BIM practice. Based on diffusion of innovations theory, we identified the following set of key factors enabling digital collaboration in this project: change agents, new roles and responsibilities, a cloud computing infrastructure, BIM contracts, and a BIM learning environment. The findings presented in this article may serve as an example for BIM implementation and collaborative work in construction projects.