纳米SiO2与RDP协同阻燃PC/ABS的研究

采用间苯二酚双（二苯基磷酸酯）（RDP）及其与纳米SiO2复配制备双酚A聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（PC/ABS）阻燃材料,测定了阻燃PC/ABS的极限氧指数、UL94V阻燃性能及热稳定性,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了阻燃PC/ABS于600 ℃热分解残余物的形态,采用锥形量热仪测定了阻燃PC/ABS的释热速率峰值（p-HRR）、释热速率平均值（av-HRR）、总释热量（THR）、平均有效燃烧热（av-EHC）和平均质量损失速度（av-MLR）。结果表明,纳米SiO2与RDP添加量分别为5 %和9 %时,PC/ABS的阻燃性能达UL94V-0级,极限氧指数为29.0 %,且阻燃PC/ABS的p-HRR、av-HRR、THR、av-EHC以及av-MLR分别下降了16.12 %、58.82 %、40.83 %、17.91 %和36.90 %,同时也证明了纳米SiO2与RDP具有非常好的协同阻燃效应。     

稀土离子和香兰素在H_2SO_4溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀协同效应

用失重法研究了四种稀土离子(La3+,Ce3+,Ce4+,Nd3+)和香兰素(4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲醛)在1.0 mol/LH2SO4介质中对冷轧钢的缓蚀协同效应。结果表明,香兰素对冷轧钢有中等程度的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率随其浓度的增加而增大;四种稀土离子对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用均较差,最大缓蚀率仅为20%左右。香兰素和稀土Ce4+复配后对冷轧钢产生了明显的缓蚀协同效应,最大缓蚀率可达95%左右;而与La3+,Ce3+和Nd3+复配后均无缓蚀协同效应。     

金属化合物在HDPE膨胀阻燃体系中的协同作用研究

研究了几种金属化合物对HDPE膨胀阻燃体系(IFR)的协同作用,通过极限氧指数（LOI）、DSC—TG、SEM对复合材料的阻燃、热稳定性和成炭情况进行研究,分析了金属化合物与膨胀阻燃剂协效作用机理。LOI测试显示：当ZEO、ZnO、Al2O3添加量分别为3%（质量百分比,下同）、1%、3%时,极限氧指数达到29.6%、29.0%、29.4%,比单独添加IFR分别高出4.6、4.0和4.4个百分点;DSC-TG和SEM结果表明：ZEO、ZnO、Al2O3主要通过促进PE-HD/IFR体系凝聚相快速成炭,稳定炭层强度来发挥其协效作用,而对最终成炭量贡献不大。     

Gemini surfactants

The literature, including patents, describing the emerging area of gemini surfactants is reviewed. The differences in structure/property relationships between gemini and comparable conventional surfactants are described and discussed in terms of their predicted performance properties. Supportive performance data are enumerated.     

Study of additive‐additive interactions in a lubricant system by NMR,ESCA, and thermal techniques

Engine oil lubricants are formulated with a variety of additive components at different dosages to obtain the desired physico‐chemical characteristics. Antiwear, friction modification/energy efficiency, dispersancy, and detergency properties are normally achieved by the use of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) and ashless alkyl phosphorodithioate, polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBS), and metal sulphonates / phenates, respectively. It has been reported that these additives interact with each other and affect the overall performance of a lubricant system. The additive‐additive interactions have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopic techniques, where attention has been mainly focused on the ZDDP‐PIBS additive system in the presence or absence of other additives. The results have been used to relate the synergistic or antagonistic effects of such interactions to the overall performance of a lubricant. Recently, MoDTC has found wider application in lubricants as a friction modifier and energy‐efficient additive. However, no studies of the additive‐additive interactions of the PIBS‐MoDTC‐ZDDP additive system using analytical techniques have been reported. The present paper covers the fundamental and mechanistic aspects of additive‐additive interactions of ZDDP, MoDTC, PIBS, and sulphonate / phenate additives present in a lubricant system as studied by ³¹P NMR, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. ESCA, which is a surface analytical technique, has been used to provide basic evidence for the formation of various complexes through interactions occurring in the electronic binding energies of orbitals of various atoms of the additives. The ESCA studies have also revealed the actual atomic sites of interaction between the additives responsible for the formation of adducts or complexes. The differential scanning calorimetry profiles of blends have verified the interactions among the additives and shown that the stability of the additive system is quite different from that of the additives alone. The shifts in the ³¹P NMR signals, the changes in the binding energies of the s, p, and d orbitals of additive elements, and the multistage decomposition profiles in the TGA thermograms of interacting systems due to complexion and adduct formation have enabled a mechanism of interaction to be proposed.     

纸塑铝复合包装材料各组分共热解产物分析

以甲酸分离枕型利乐包所得的纸、聚乙烯、铝作为实验材料,使用热重红外联用(TG-FTIR)分析技术,研究了单一组分热解产物特性和组分共热解机理。结果表明:共热解时纸和聚乙烯之间存在协同作用,且在TG-FTIR失重峰位置附近产生的影响尤为明显;铝在共热解时具有催化剂的作用,会促进聚乙烯的分解。为实现废弃纸塑铝复合包装材料的资源化利用提供科学参考和实验依据。     

纸塑铝复合包装材料各组分共热解行为研究

以用甲酸分离枕型利乐包所得的纸、聚乙烯、铝作为实验材料,采用热重红外联用(TG-FTIR)分析技术,研究了各组分在热解过程中的协同作用,以探索纸塑铝复合包装各组分共热解机理,为实现废弃利乐包材料的资源化利用提供科学参考和实验依据。结果表明:共热解时纸和聚乙烯之间存在协同作用,在失重峰位置表现得尤为明显;铝在共热解时具有一定的催化作用,在反应的不同阶段起到了相应的促进或者抑制热解的作用。     

Kao系列桶混助剂的增效作用及其增效机制

室内外试验结果证明,桶混助剂KAOADJUVANTA-134和KAOADJUVANTA-145分别对不同除草剂和杀虫剂具有显著的增效作用,平均可以减少农药使用量三分之一以上。同时,使用助剂后可显著提高耐雨水冲刷的能力。比较添加助剂前后各药剂润湿性能和渗透性能,发现添加这类桶混助剂能显著降低药剂的表面张力和界面张力,使药剂在叶面的铺展性和润湿性更好。添加助剂后,药剂在植物角质膜和气孔渗透方面的性能均显著增加。同时提高润湿性和渗透性是该系列助剂具有显著增效作用的主要原因。