磺酸盐与磺酸盐表面活性剂协同作用研究

为获得具有性能优良的表面活性剂,研究了磺酸盐与磺酸盐表面活性剂在降低油水界面张力方面的协同作用。选取了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(C12ΦS)与4-(7'-十四烷基)苯磺酸钠(7C14ΦS)、4-(8'-十八烷基)苯磺酸钠(8C18ΦS),绘制了磺酸盐及复配体系的烷烃扫描曲线,考察了表面活性剂的亲水亲油性能、复配比例对协同作用的影响及磺酸盐及复配体系降低原油界面张力的能力。证实了磺酸盐与磺酸盐复配协同作用源自亲水亲油性能的改善,亲油性磺酸盐8C18ΦS与亲水性磺酸盐C12ΦS、7C14ΦS复配,可以获得具有适中亲水亲油性能的复配体系,实现协同降低界面张力作用,通过适当的磺酸盐表面活性剂复配可使长庆油田原油与1%Na Cl水溶液的界面张力降低至超低值。     

稀土镧盐改性液体复合热稳定剂的性能研究

通过热烘法、电导率法、热重分析（TG）研究了液体镧盐与钙、锌、钡之间的热稳定剂协同效应。结果表明,稀土镧盐可减缓锌烧,但La／Ca／Zn三元复合热稳定剂用于PVC时,其初期着色现象明显：稀土镧用于高锌配方中发挥优良的抗锌烧性能,当锌含量3％,稀土镧4％时,PVC试片40min后才出现锌烧;La／Ba／Zn三元复合体系有显著的协同效应,La4．5％,Ba4．5％,Zn1％时,180℃下,静态热稳定时间可达45min,PVC的塑化时间、塑化温度、平衡扭矩分别为159S、177℃、18．4N·m。     

钢在疏浚过程中的腐蚀磨损交互作用研究

疏浚过程作业中,大量泥沙通过管道以浆体的形式输送。管体一方面发生磨损,同时还承受海水介质的腐蚀破坏,从而使得管体产生严重的磨蚀失效。采用旋转型试验装置对比研究了海水浆体疏浚环境下几种钢的腐蚀磨损交互作用,测量了磨蚀过程中各磨蚀分量的比例,对比了试验速度对试验钢磨蚀中交互作用的影响。结果表明:在海水浆体疏浚过程中存在着明显的腐蚀与磨损的交互作用,材料的磨蚀失重以磨损失重为主,纯磨损失重占磨蚀总失重的比例超过57%;4号钢的交互作用失重占总磨蚀失重的30.6%,其他各试验钢的交互作用占总磨蚀失重比例均在21%以上,最高接近40%;纯腐蚀失重所占比例不超过3.0%。速度降低到1.1 m/s时,各试验钢在海水浆体中的纯磨损失重相对3.3 m/s时降低1个数量级,其中普碳钢的纯磨损失重占主要地位,而高强度的3号和4号试验钢的磨蚀失重则以交互失重为主。     

新型表面活性剂对铝合金的复配缓蚀行为

以异丙基亚氨基(>NCH(CH3)2)作为连接基团,通过二步法合成了一种新型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂--二[2-羟基-3-(十二烷基二甲基季铵基)丙基]-异丙胺二氯化表面活性剂,进而用各种实验方法对合成产物进行结构表征;分别将其与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和稀土元素氯化铈进行复配,研究复配体系对铝合金在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀性能和机理。结果表明:两复配体系均能产生良好的协同作用:当合成产物与SDBS配比为3∶4时,缓蚀效率为97.4%;当合成产物与氯化铈配比为1∶1时,缓蚀效率为96.4%。合成产物与SDBS复配的缓蚀机理为利用静电吸附作用在铝合金表面形成致密吸附膜;合成产物与氯化铈复配的缓蚀机理为氯化铈可先在溶液中形成配合物,该配合物进一步吸附于金属表面从而起到协同缓蚀作用。     

Effects of Monoterpenoids, Acting Alone or in Pairs, on Seed Germination and Subsequent Seedling Growth

We compared the potential allelopathic activity of 47 monoterpe- noids of different chemical groups, by estimating their effect on seed germination and subsequent growth of Lactuca sativa seedlings. Apart from individual compounds, eleven pairs at different proportions were also tested. As a group, the hydrocarbons, except for (+)-3-carene, were the least inhibitory. Of the oxygenated compounds, the least inhibitory were the acetates; whenever the free hydroxyl group of an alcohol turned into a carboxyl group, the activity of the resulting ester was markedly lower (against both germination and seedling growth). Twenty-four compounds were extremely active against seedling growth (inhibiting it by more than 85%), but only five against seed germination. The compounds that were most active against both processes belonged to the groups of ketones and alcohols; they were terpinen-4-ol, dihydrocarvone, and two carvone stereoisomers. We used a model to investigate whether compounds acted independently when applied in pairs. The combined effect varied. In half of the cases, it followed the pattern expected under the assumption of independence; in the rest, either synergistic or antagonistic interactions were found in both germination and elongation. However, even in cases of synergistic interactions, the level of inhibition was not comparable to that of a single extremely active compound, unless such a compound already participated in the combination. The specific structural factors that operate and determine the activity of monoterpenoids still remain rather obscure. The same holds true for the combined effect; its character cannot in general be predicted on the basis of individual compounds acting alone.     

Weld Metal Microstructure Prediction in Submerged Arc Weld Metal of C‐Mn Steel

The prediction model has been developed for steel weld metal microstructural constituents as a function of flux ingredients such as CaO, MgO, CaF₂ and Al₂O₃ in submerged arc welding carried out at fixed welding parameters. The results of quantitative measurements of micro‐structural constituents on eighteen weld metal samples were utilised for developing the prediction equations of microstructural constituents applying statistical design of experiment for mixtures. Among the flux ingredients, CaO appears to be most important as an individual as well as interaction with other ingredients viz. CaF₂ and Al₂O₃ in influencing the amount of microstructural constituents in weld metal. The prediction equations have been checked for adequacy by performing tests on welding using randomly designed flux and found satisfactory. The iso‐response curves were developed for selected microstructural constituents to show their output levels at different percentage of flux ingredients.     

粮油副产品及饲料的度夏防霉研究Ⅰ总论

本文主要研究豆饼粉、麸皮、次粉、米糠等粮油副产品和配合饲料的度夏防霉保鲜技术。试验了以丙酸及其盐类和天然植物性物质为主体的复合型防霉剂，筛选出“安全、有效、经济”、操作简便的“克霉灵”２￣＃Ｂ；探讨了丙醚及其盐类和植物性防霉剂之间的增效作用；提出了霉菌数量变化与脂肪酸值变化具有较好相关性而作为试样初期霉变的指标。     

纯棉阻燃织物中磷—氮协同效应初探

通过一种国产纯棉阻燃剂，对阻燃织物中磷－氮协同效应的一些规律进行了初步探讨，认为并非所有的含氮化合物都有磷－氮协同效应。对有协合能力的含氮化合物来讲，也并非其用量越多协同效应越 大。     

棉织物整理中硼,磷阻燃协同效应的研究

通过对有机棚和有机磷阻燃剂进行复配，结果能产生较好的协同效应．将棚、磷元素以最佳协同配比引入同一分子结构中合成了阻燃剂FRPB1和FRPB2，提高了硼阻燃剂的耐水解性，应用于纯棉织物的阻燃整理中，比单独复配使用具有更好的阻燃性能．     

多传感器信息融合在轮式机器人运动控制中的应用

分析了多传感器信息融合模型的建立和实现的过程,并利用多传感器信息融合技术中的信息协同和信息互补来完成对轮式机器人的运动控制。运行结果表明机器人可以半径范围为40cm～100cm的圆周上自主运行并能够灵活调整轨道半径;当机器人接近擂台边缘约5 cm时会自动检测边缘位置并根据自身的姿态情况及时调整运动方向。该系统运动控制性...