Microstructure of stainless steel weld in double-sided arc welding

Double-sided arc welding with a single power source can effectively increase the weld penetration, diminish distortion, improve welding speed and save energy. Compared to conventional arc welding processes, double-sided arc welding can generate a penetrating electromagnetic field to help to form fine dendritic microstructure in the weld due to the symmetry of heating. Type 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel was bead-on-plate welded with double-sided arc welding and conventional plasma arc welding processes, respectively, and microstructure in the weld, heat-affected zone and base metal were examined. After analyzing the black carbon-enriched band in the weld during plasma arc welding with electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology, it was found that the black band was shaped from the aggregation of ferrite in the fusion boundary. Hardness measurement showed that this black band does not apparently affect the microhardness distribution in the weld.     

基于力觉遥示教曲线焊缝位置辨识方法

在遥控焊接环境中,时常碰到具有一定曲率的曲线焊缝,曲线焊缝精确辨识是保证遥示教精度前提条件之一.针对曲线焊缝的特点,提出了焊缝拐点和方向系数概念,并建立了曲线焊缝辨识方向系数智能控制模型,结合焊缝拐点识别算法,进行曲线焊缝辨识试验.结果表明,实现了曲线焊缝拐点自动识别,为遥示教曲线焊缝拐点识别提供了一种新方法.将力觉曲线焊缝辩识试验曲线上传给离线编程系统,由离线编程系统对焊缝拐点进行优化处理后,非常接近实际焊缝曲线,最大误差不超过±0.5mm,能够满足遥控焊接遥示教要求.     

细晶粒钛合金粗晶区组织及接头力学性能分析

针对TIG焊接过程,研究了显微组织为层片状结构的细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金热影响区粗晶区组织转变规律,分析了热输入对粗晶区晶粒生长和接头力学性能的影响.粗晶区晶粒尺寸的测量结果显示,经历焊接热循环后,晶粒具有严重的长大倾向.焊接过程中,粗晶区发生了马氏体相变,形成α′马氏体组织.随着热输入的增加,粗晶区组织将由尺寸较小,且相互交错的α′丛,持续生长成贯穿整个晶粒的粗大α′束.硬度测量结果表明,热影响区中存在一个软化区间,该区间宽度随焊接热输入增加而增大.细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金焊接接头抗拉强度随热输入增加而减小.较大热输入下,断口位于粗晶区内,拉伸断口呈准解理断裂特征.     

Kalman filter of the force signal of identifying weld seam in remote teaching

For reasons of the vibration of robot, the rough surface of weld seam and electromagnetic disturbance of welding machine, the force signals of identifying weld seam become unstable. The position error of remote teaching point is too big to meet teaching requirements in remote welding. The force signals of identifying weld seam can be filtered by Kalman. The force signals of identifying weld seam of next teaching point is accurately predicted according to predicting algorithms, such as the equation of the state, the equation of the observation, the gain matrix of the filter and the covariance matrix of predicting state. The experimental results show that the precision of identifying weld seam is improved by Kalman filter.     

肝脏穿刺腔道封闭止血方法的临床研究

目的研究３种不同方法对经皮肝脏穿刺诊疗所致肝内穿刺腔道出血的止血效果。方法根据诊疗方法及穿刺道大小对５１例经皮肝穿刺诊疗患者采用３种不同方法行穿刺道止血,其中单纯以明胶海绵条栓塞止血１５例（A组）,明胶海绵栓塞加注射用血凝酶（巴曲酶）腔道内注射联合止血１７例（B组）,单纯以血凝酶针道注射止血１９例（C组）。比较分析不同方法对穿刺道的闭塞效果及止血效果。结果A组栓塞后有６例未完全闭塞（６／１５）,术后有２例出现肝包膜下小血肿（２／１５）,未见腹腔内积血;B组与C组腔道完全闭塞率１００％,术后无一例出血。术后穿刺道闭塞率及出血发生率三组比较,B、C两组明显优于A组。所有病例术后均未发生胆汁性腹膜炎。结论单纯血凝酶针道内注射对细小针道有良好而彻底的闭塞作用;明胶海绵栓塞加血凝酶注射对较大的穿刺道具有可靠而彻底的封闭作用,因此对于较大的穿刺道应以明胶海绵栓塞加血凝酶腔道内注射以彻底封闭穿刺道为最佳止血方法     

裂缝性稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐动态预测模型

在常规稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐动态预测模型的基础上,运用能量平衡理论,建立了裂缝性稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐开采动态预测模型,给出了热膨胀作用、重力驱替和毛管渗吸作用下的分析解。在求解过程中,考虑了温度对粘度、含油饱和度和油水相对渗透率的影响。该模型的实例计算结果与数值模拟计算结果相近,这表明该模型能用于裂缝性稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐动态预测。     

焊接过程控制电弧传感方法的研究

根据熔化极体气保护电弧焊的电弧自身特性提出了一种电弧传感方法。它可以检测坡口或焊接接头的断面形状,进而能测量接头中心位置,从而实现了电弧传感式的焊缝跟踪控制。由于采用电弧传感,因而此方法简洁,设备简单,成本低且工作可靠,对于推广应用极为有意义。由计算机控制焊枪摆动,可实现可编程的多种摆动模式的控制。研究中还推导出电弧传感方法的数学模型,它提示了电弧传感的基本原理,也为采用此方法的控制算法的研究与应用提供了理论依据。     

Case-based intelligent computer aided design system of welding machinery

The procedure during complex system plan design of welding position-locating machine is studied in this pa-per.The main difficulties in designing welding position-locating machine utilizing computer are discussed as well.Amethod of case-based intelligent CAD system for welding position-locating machine(WMICAD)is put forward throughwide resarch on design methodology.Object-oriented programming method is also applied to this system.The basic ideaand realizing method are described.     

大坡度斜坡光伏支架设计应用分析

对于传统光伏项目,超过30°的大坡度区域都被放弃。随着光伏项目用地越来越紧张,如何在大斜坡上建设光伏项目是一个难点。结合A项目实际坡度情况,设计出简易钢支架系统、桁架支架系统和柔性支架系统,并对3种支架形式进行经济性分析,总结出特定项目中最经济、合理的大斜坡支架方案,为后续的大坡度项目提供设计参考。     

工程施工现场管理中甲方的技术管理要点

文章指出了工程施工现场管理中甲方的技术管理重点;提出了工程施工现场管理中甲方的技术管理要求,包括注重图纸审核和现场考察、注重调配人员和协调施工、注重控制施工进度和施工安全.