Experimental and numerical study of warm deep drawing of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet

Warm forming of magnesium alloy sheet has attracted more and more attention in recent years. The formability of magnesium alloy sheet at elevated temperature depends on appropriate processes, and the fabrication of high-performance sheet. In this research, an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with excellent performances is fabricated by the cross-rolling and the uniform annealing treatments. The uniaxial tensile tests are conducted using a Gleeble 3500 thermal–mechanical simulator, and the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet are analyzed. Finally, some limiting drawing ratio (LDR) experiments are performed. The experiments show that the LDR can reach 2.0 at the forming temperature of 150 °C and the drawing velocity of 15 mm/s. A warm deep drawing process is also simulated by the finite element method. The influences of drawing temperature and blank holder force on the formability are numerically investigated. The simulation demonstrated that variable blank holder force technology can improve the LDR from 3.0 to 3.5, and decrease the wall thinning ratio from 15.21% to 12.35%.     

AZ31镁合金表面液相渗铝的工艺与性能

采用液相扩渗技术在挤压态AZ31镁合金表面快速渗入铝，在合金表面获得过共晶渗层，并对渗层的成分、相组成、扩渗过程、纳米硬度和腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明：AZ31镁合金在480℃热扩渗铝过程中发生了“熔化—凝固”变化，渗层为典型的过共晶组织：渗铝层含有Mg17A112相和镁的铝饱和固溶体，这种渗层具有较高的纳米硬度和较好的耐腐蚀性能；通过提高扩渗温度进行液相扩渗可以大大提高扩渗速度，但由于快速凝固收缩会造成表层产生起伏现象，控制冷却速度可以将表层起伏控制在可接受的范围。     

Hot-compression constitutive relation of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy

In hot-compression process, the various factors have obvious effects on the deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy deformation behavior. To understand the hot-compression constitutive relation thoroughly, the stress-strain behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy at various strain rates and different deformation temperatures were investigated under maximum strain of 60%. The microstructure of the experimental alloy was studied in the hot-compression procedure. The experimental results show that the relation of peak flow stress, strain rate and temperature can be described by Z parameter which contains Arrheniues item. The strain rate and the deformation temperature are the key parameters affecting deformation activation energy.     

通道间隙对等径角轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

研究了不同通道间隙下,AZ31镁合金板材在等径角轧制过程中晶体取向的演化特征以及通道间隙对其显微组织和力学性能的影响.X射线衍射分析表明在等径角轧制过程中,随着通道间隙的减小,晶体取向变化加大,(0002)基面取向减弱.等径角轧制后,孪晶明显增多,且随着通道间隙的减小,孪晶数量逐渐增多.单向拉伸试验表明,等径角轧制后的板材,其变形行为和力学性能存在明显的各向异性特征,与等径角轧制前的板材相比,在轧向其屈服强度明显降低由轧制前的240MPa降至155MPa,抗拉强度略有增加,但随着通道间隙的减小,断裂延伸率略有增大;在横向其屈服强度和抗拉强度均增大,随着通道间隙的减小,屈服强度和抗拉强度略有减小,但断裂延伸率增大.     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对不同轧制温度、道次压下量以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明,当温度由623K升到723K时,晶粒发生长大,孪晶消失,板材的抗拉强度由275MPa降到250MPa,伸长率则由14.5%增加到18%;当道次压下量从5%增加到20%时,晶粒逐渐得到细化,板材的抗拉强度由道次压下量为5%时的265MPa增加到20%时的300MPa,伸长率则由18%降到15%;轧制路径的改变,使不同板材中孪晶的数量产生改变,路径A中的孪晶较多,伸长率较低,强度较高,路径D中的孪晶较少,伸长率较高,强度较低。     

热处理工艺对Heusler型Ni2MnGa合金马氏体相变的影响

采用电弧熔炼法熔炼Ni48Mn31Ga21和Ni50Mn255Ga25两种合金,并对这两种合金进行了热处理,借助交流磁化率测定、金相显微镜观察、X射线衍射等手段研究了热处理工艺条件对非化学计量比的Ni48Mn31Ga21合金马氏体相变和结构有序度的影响.结果表明(1)Ni48Mn31Ga21合金相变特征温度为Ms=305K,Mf=297K,As=313K,Af=318K,居里温度Tc=366K;(2)与空冷态相比,淬火态的马氏体转变量降低,经过400℃退火后,随着保温时间t的延长,马氏体转变量上升,当t=50h时达到最大值;(3)Ni48Mn31Ga21合金经过900℃×4d+400℃×50h热处理后,有序度明显提高.     

外加磁场对AZ31镁合金焊接接头组织性能的影响

在对5mm厚的AZ31镁合金板进行GTAW焊接的过程中，外加纵向交流磁场，研究了磁场对焊接接头的力学性能和显微组织的影响，并探讨了磁场的作用机理。结果表明：外加纵向磁场通过旋转电弧对熔池进行搅拌，不仅可以细化晶粒，使焊接接头的抗拉强度、硬度得到改善，还可以净化熔池中液态镁合金（使杂质球化并弥散分布），此外磁场的引入还可降低镁合金焊接热裂纹的敏感性，抑制热裂纹的产生。     

AZ31镁合金挤压模拟与实验研究

采用有限元模拟和实验验证相结合的方法对AZ31镁合金十字型材挤压过程进行研究。研究发现,有限元模拟能够较真实地反映镁合金挤压变形过程中的热力学参数分布和演变情况。同时发现,通过调整挤压速度能使镁合金挤压出口温度维持在较小范围内波动,从而解决镁合金变形温度范围窄的问题,保证制品沿长度方向的组织性能和尺寸精度稳定。     

双辊快速凝固AZ31镁合金薄带试验研究

在等径双辊连铸机上进行了AZ31镁合金薄带连铸的试验研究，掌握了诸如浇铸温度、铸辊转速、辊缝和侧封等合理的工艺参数，成功地铸出了AZ31镁合金薄带并对其显微组织进行了分析。     

Annealing behavior of rolled AZ31 alloy sheet

The annealed microstructures of the rolled AZ31 alloy sheets were examined by using light optical microscopy. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile testing, with their crystal orientations analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. After the annealing treatment, the elongated grains were transformed to equiaxed grains with uniform and homogeneous structures. The changes of microstructure decreased the yield strength and enhanced the elongation. The analysis of XRD shows that the AZ31 alloy sheet possesses intense basal-texture, which is weakened during the recrystallization while reinforced during the grain growth. The intense basal-texture induces low ductility, which hence makes the further rolling more difficult. The results indicate that the optimum annealing treatment during AZ31 alloys sheet rolling is at about 300 ℃ for 60-120 min.