碱预处理稻草产生物乙醇的工艺研究

以碳酸钠预处理的稻草为唯一碳源,硫酸铵为氮源,采用烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）对稻草进行酶解,嗜鞣管囊酵母（Saccharomyces tannophilus）对酶解产物进行发酵生产乙醇,并对酶解及乙醇生产工艺进行研究。结果表明,烟曲霉及嗜鞣管囊酵母发酵碳酸钠预处理稻草生产乙醇的工艺为10 g稻草经90 mL 0.15 mol/L碳酸钠预处理后,调节pH值为4.5,按4%（V/V）的接种量接入烟曲霉种子液,于37 ℃、150 r/min条件下酶解12 h后,按2%（V/V）的接种量接入嗜鞣管囊酵母种子液,于37 ℃、150 r/min条件下发酵16 h,生物乙醇产量达到最高为（26.30±0.86） g/L。     

藻类生物燃料：未来生物能源的多样性

分析了以植物为基础的生物燃料的来源,指出了藻类是生物燃料的最有效来源;重点介绍了藻类生物燃料的巨大潜力,如用于生产生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物制氢争沼气等;并讨论了藻类生物燃料的经济可行性和未来的应用前景.     

Designing biomass supply chains within planetary boundaries

The design of sustainable supply chains, which recently emerged as an active area of research in process systems engineering, is vital to ensure sustainable development. Despite past and ongoing efforts, the available methods often overlook impacts beyond climate change or incorporate them via standard life cycle assessment metrics that are hard to interpret from an absolute sustainability viewpoint. We here address the design of biomass supply chains considering critical ecological limits of the Earth—planetary boundaries—which should never be surpassed by anthropogenic activities. Our method relies on a mixed-integer linear program that incorporates a planetary boundaries-based damage model to quantify absolute sustainability precisely. We apply this approach to the sugarcane-to-ethanol industry in Argentina, identifying the optimal combination of technologies and network layout that minimize the impact on these ecological boundaries. Our framework can find applications in a wide range of supply chain problems related to chemicals and fuels production, energy systems, and agriculture planning.     

Alternative technologies for biotechnological fuel ethanol manufacturing

The challenges of implementing biorefineries on a global scale include socioeconomic, financial, and technological constraints. In particular, the development of biorefineries is tightly linked to the continued availability of fermentation raw materials. These constraints can be relaxed by the use of diverse raw materials, while advances that confer higher flexibility would enable biotechnological plant managers to swiftly react to volatile markets. In conventional processes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae grows on a relatively limited range of substrates, and produces only a single product—ethanol. Given the observed maturity of the S. cerevisiae fermentation technology, alternatives to baker's yeast may be needed to tip the economic balance in favour of biotechnological ethanol. These alternative fermentation technologies may allow a greater diversity of substrates to be used to produce an individually tailored mix of ethanol and other chemicals. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study of operating variables in the transformation of aqueous ethanol into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite

With the aim of determining the possibilities of directly upgrading the liquid obtained from carbohydrate fermentation, the effect of operating conditions (temperature, space time, water content in the feed) has been studied in the catalytic transformation of aqueous ethanol into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite in an isothermal fixed bed reactor. Special attention has been paid to the effect of water content on the yield, product distribution and catalyst deactivation. Although deactivation by coke decreases as the water content is increased, this content must be limited at 450 °C and higher temperatures in order to avoid irreversible deactivation of the catalyst by dealumination. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Stabilization of bioethanol recovery with silicone rubber‐coated ethanol‐permselective silicalite membranes by controlling the pH of acidic feed solution

In order to produce highly concentrated bioethanol by pervaporation using an ethanol‐permselective silicalite membrane, techniques to suppress adsorption of succinic acid, which is a chief by‐product of ethanol fermentation and causes the deterioration in pervaporation performance, onto the silicalite crystals was investigated. The amount adsorbed increased as the pH of the aqueous succinic acid solution decreased. The pervaporation performance also decreased with decreasing pH when the ternary mixtures of ethanol/water/succinic acid were separated. Using silicalite membranes individually coated with two types of silicone rubber, pervaporation performance was significantly improved in the pH range of 5 to 7, when compared with that of non‐coated silicalite membranes in ternary mixtures of ethanol/water/succinic acid. Moreover, when using a silicalite membrane double‐coated with the two types of silicone rubber, pervaporation performance was stabilized at lower pH values. In the separation of bioethanol by pervaporation using the double‐coated silicalite membrane, removal of accumulated substances having an ultraviolet absorption maximum at approximately 260 nm from the fermentation broth proved to be vital for efficient pervaporation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bioethanol production from corn stalk juice using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5020

This study aimed to use sweet corn hybrid hi-brix53 stalk juice for bioethanol production, to give a solution to the growing problem of food vs. fuel and to utilize waste for cheaper production. Hi-brix 53 stalk juice contained 112.07 ± 2.99 g L^?1 of total sugars and 21.83 ± 1.09 g L^?1 of reducing sugars. Through fermentation (24–120 h) using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), it produced 6.01% (v/v) bioethanol. The final ethanol produce (g L^?1) yield efficiency and volumetric ethanol productivity were at the highest at 24 h with 47.87 L^?1, 87.62% and 1.97 ± 0.06 (g L^?1 h^?1). These results suggest that hi-brix 53 stalk juice is an ideal substrate for bioethanol production.     

碳酸钠碱性介质氧脱木素促进火炬松酶解糖化的研究

分别采用硫酸盐法（KP）和绿液法（GL）蒸煮火炬松,并以碳酸钠为碱性介质进行氧脱木素,所得浆料分别标记为KP-OC浆和GL-OC浆,分析了这两种浆料的化学组分,并对这两种浆料进行酶解以提取可发酵单糖。结果显示,在120℃氧脱木素4 h所得的KP-OC浆和GL-OC浆的木素脱出率均明显优于相近条件下以氢氧化钠为碱性介质且脱木素1 h的浆料。对于GL-OC浆和KP-OC浆,当酶用量为10 FPU/g时,酶解单糖得率、总单糖提取率最高分别可达73.2%和95.8%、72.4%和75.7%,均优于相近条件下以氢氧化钠为碱性介质氧脱木素的浆料。     

木糖利用融合子D2的制备与乙醇发酵特性

以树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis）1960（Ps1960）与酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）AADY（ScAADY）为亲本菌株,采用双亲灭活原生质体技术制备木糖利用融合子,并对其制备条件进行了优化。优化后的原生质体制备条件为Ps1960采用2%蜗牛酶和1%纤维素酶在28℃酶解45 min,20W紫外灯距离10 cm照射3 min灭活;ScAADY采用1.5%蜗牛酶和1%纤维素酶28℃酶解50 min,55℃水浴50 min灭活;均采用0.6 mol/L山梨醇为渗透压稳定剂。在该条件下,共得到22株融合子。通过测定各融合子在不同培养基条件下的生物量来评价其木糖代谢和乙醇耐受能力,最终获得能利用木糖高效发酵产乙醇、遗传性状稳定的融合子D2,并进行乙醇发酵条件优化。结果表明,在混合糖质量分数8%、木糖和葡萄糖质量比6：1、5%接种量、30℃、160 r/min、培养72 h条件下,融合子D2发酵产乙醇的产量为40.58 g/L。     

以刚毛藻为原料制备生物乙醇的技术研究

研究了以刚毛藻为原料制备生物乙醇的工艺.结果表明,刚毛藻预处理条件为:刚毛藻与2％(w/v)氢氧化钠混合,85℃反应80 min;酶解条件:藻粉质量浓度35g/L,纤维素酶用量80 U/g底物,加入5 g/L Tween-80,此时酶解率为61.74％;在30℃下培养40 h,发酵液中乙醇质量浓度为12.15 g/L,转化率42.63％,达到乙醇理论转化率的83.42％.