图像处理技术在焊接轨迹提取中的应用

通过CCD成像获取焊接轨迹BMP格式图像，利用计算机图像处理技术将彩色图像转化成灰度图像。通过直方图同高斯滤波相结合的方法进行图像增强，根据直方图求出最佳阈值，将灰度图像转化成二值图像，然后利用八邻域分析法提取焊接轨迹轮廓。     

亚纯多叶函数某一子类的局部和

在去心单位圆盘E={z：0〈｜z｜〈1}内,利用线性算子Lp（a,c）定义亚纯多叶函数的子类Ωp（a,c;A,B）基础上,定义了亚纯多叶函数的邻域概念,研究了函数f（z）=z-p＋∑∞k=1akzk-p在其邻域下的从属关系和局部和性质.     

Fast solutions for UC problems by a new metaheuristic approach

Due to its combinatorial nature, the Unit Commitment problem has for long been an important research challenge, with several optimization techniques, from exact to heuristic methods, having been proposed to deal with it.

In line with one current trend of research, metaheuristic approaches have been studied and some interesting results have already been achieved and published. However, a successful utilization of these methodologies in practice, when embedded in Energy Management Systems, is still constrained by the reluctance of industrial partners in using techniques whose performance highly depends on a correct parameter tuning. Therefore, the application of metaheuristics to the Unit Commitment problem does still justify further research.

In this paper we propose a new search strategy, for Local Search based metaheuristics, that tries to overcome this issue. The approach has been tested in a set of instances, leading to very good results in terms of solution cost, when compared either to the classical Lagrangian Relaxation or to other metaheuristics. It also drastically reduced the computation times. Furthermore, the approach proved to be robust, always leading to good results independently of the metaheuristic parameters used.     

The influence of phonological similarity neighborhoods on speech production.

The influence of phonological similarity neighborhoods on the speed and accuracy of speech production was investigated with speech-error elicitation and picture-naming tasks. The results from 2 speech-error elicitation techniques--the spoonerisms of laboratory induced predisposition technique (B. J. Baars, 1992; B. J. Baars & M. T. Motley, 1974; M. T. Motley & B. J. Baars, 1976) and tongue twisters--showed that more errors were elicited for words with few similar sounding words (i.e., a sparse neighborhood) than for words with many similar sounding words (i.e., a dense neighborhood). The results from 3 picture-naming tasks showed that words with sparse neighborhoods were also named more slowly than words with dense neighborhoods. These findings demonstrate that multiple word forms are activated simultaneously and influence the speed and accuracy of speech production. The implications of these findings for current models of speech production are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Allez jouer dehors! Contributions de l'environnement urbain au développement et au bien-être des enfants.

This article brings together knowledge from environmental, community, developmental and health psychology for two purposes: The first is to examine the influence of the urban environment on children's wellness and on how children benefit from their environment to play and develop. The second objective presents recommendations regarding intervention, research and social policy for psychologists to follow favouring children's development within the urban environment. We focus on two urban environments: Spaces adjoining their residence provide children with stimulation, opportunities to run around, play and explore the physical and social world, develop personal identity, self-esteem and enhance their ability to deal with stress. The second urban environment we focus on are playgrounds, which can also serve children's physical, cognitive and social developmental needs. Physical, cognitive and psychological limitations make children vulnerable to traffic accidents. The article continues with the presentation of an action plan. There are a number of ways to increase place attachment and sense of belonging within the neighborhood so that children can play safely. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于DCT域相关性的非对称JPEG隐写

目前用于JPEG隐写的失真代价函数对同一DCT系数的加一与减一操作分配相同的代价值。但由于JPEG图像中DCT域的相关性,加一与减一修改对图像内容的影响不同,因此其对应的代价值也理应不同。文中基于DCT域相关性,提出了一种适用于JPEG隐写的通用代价值优化方法,主要考虑JPEG图像中相邻DCT块相同位置上系数的相关性。利用八邻域块中相同位置的DCT系数求平均的方法给出当前DCT系数的预测值。对现有的JPEG失真代价函数,按照向预测值靠拢的原则区分加一和减一的代价值。经过调整的代价值能引导隐写修改后的DCT系数最大程度地向预测值靠拢,增强DCT域相关性,从而提高隐写的安全性。该方法可以与任何现有的JPEG隐写失真代价函数结合使用。实验表明,所提方法几乎不增加原始算法的时间复杂度,同时能有效提高现有JPEG隐写方法的安全性,可使当前隐写分析工具的测试误差平均提升2.4%。     

Neighborhoods of Affinity

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Planners have traditionally focused on how the physical characteristics of neighborhoods influence people's activity and travel -patterns, overlooking an equally important factor: the social nature of neighborhoods. We focus on one kind of neighborhood characterized by strong social ties: gay and lesbian -neighborhoods of affinity. Gay men living in a neighborhood of affinity—those with a high percentage of coupled gays and lesbians—take shorter work and non-work trips. The mix of local activity sites and social connections results in some gay men conducting a substantial share of their lives within these neighborhoods and nearby. These results are independent of the design or density of the neighborhood. We do not, however, find similar results for lesbians, perhaps because they have less residential mobility.

Takeaway for practice: Gay and lesbian neighborhoods of affinity represent the kinds of supportive communities where local travel is possible for many activities, behavior that planners seek with so many public policies. Planners must explore how the social and physical environments of neighborhoods interact with one another when they focus on the impacts of physical design and infrastructure on community outcomes.

Research support: None.     

住区可防卫空间与景观特征量化研究

随着我国城市的刑事犯罪案件不断上升,住区安全问题日趋突显。研究主要以杭州等城镇为例,运用景观生态学、环境心理学等相关理论,采用形状指数、熵值密度等景观特征量化指标,通过对若干现代社区与典型传统住区的景观指标进行量化比较与综合分析发现：城市犯罪案件的发生率与空间格局、景观多样性等有着紧密的关联。城市化极大地改变了原有的生态网络结构,使现代社区景观的形状指数与熵值密度大大小于传统住区,邻里联系减少、人际关系冷漠、场所吸引力与安全感降低、户外滞留人数减少、邻里监护功能减退等导致犯罪案件多发。所以,有必要发掘我国传统的居住文化。通过合理的景观规划设计,提高社区＂可防卫空间＂的文化生态效应,预防与遏制犯罪。     

中山路历史街区高度结构控制研究

街区整体高度结构的控制是中山路历史街区空间景观控制的重点,也是难点。本文旨在通过采用传统控制手段与动态模拟修正相结合的方法,对中山路历史街区整体高度结构的保护提出具体控制要求,同时针对保护办法的实施策略进行思考。     

传统街坊模式在现代住区规划中的作用

"街坊式"住宅是一种传统的居住模式。在近几年,城市化进程加大,大量居住区规划建设,在"居住区-居住小区-居住组团"这一经典理论指导下,现有住宅区规划模式产生的弊端逐渐呈现。随着住宅区设施、绿化、建设水平的提高,人们越来越关注对宜居环境的考量。这时,传统的街坊式住宅模式以其开敞又私密的特点引起人们的重视。本文由住宅区规划经典理论的形成背景为切入点,并分析其在应用中产生的弊端,提出街坊模式应当作为经典规划理论的补充以弥补现在住区中产生的问题,并在文正最后指出了两种模式之间的关系。