Lower temperature hydrothermal pretreatment improves the anaerobic digestion performance of spent cow bedding

The anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of spent cow bedding was investigated with different hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) conditions. Spent cow bedding was pretreated with low temperatures (50, 70, and 90℃) and different pretreatment times (2-72 h) with ammonia and without ammonia. The results showed that spent cow bedding was a good raw material for AD. After pretreatment, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the group of hydrothermal pretreatments with ammonia (HPA) was higher than that in the HP group at the same pretreatment temperature and time. The optimal pretreatment condition was achieved with an HPA of 50℃ holding for 72 h. At the optimal condition, the highest concentration of VFAs was 1.58-10.85 times higher than that of the other pretreated groups. The highest hemicellulose and lignin removal rates were 58.07% and 10.32%, respectively. The highest methane yield was 163.0 ml·(g VS)^-1, which was 48.9% higher than that of the untreated group. The VFAs, pH, and reducing sugars showed positive relationships with the methane yield. Therefore, HP at low temperature can enhance the AD performance of spent cow bedding.     

Pretreatment processes assisted subcritical water hydrolysis for valorisation of spent coffee grounds

This study investigated the effect of sequential extraction techniques and pretreatment methods in enhancing the recovery of high-value products from spent coffee ground. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) deoiling was performed to recover non-polar lipids, and subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of deoiled spent coffee ground (SCG) was conducted involving pretreatment with ultrasound (US-SCG), and sample particle size reduction (PS-SCG). SCW temperature, solid/liquid mixing ratio, constant pressure and residence time were studied for their effect on extracting reducing sugars (RS), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 5-HMF, and furfural. Temperature increase enhanced hydrolysis efficiency and promoted RS dehydration into 5-HMF and furfural. At 180 °C and 40 mg/600 mL, TPC, TFC and RS values increased significantly with ultrasound pretreatment correlating with improved antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS assays. Highest amount of 5-HMF and furfural was obtained at 210°C (highest temperature studied) with 44.71 and 2.36 mg/100 g. Chlorogenic acid recovery was the highest in the non-deoiled SCG (15.07 mg/100 g), with no significant difference observed in PS-SCG, suggesting an increase due to its reduced particle size. The results of this study provide comprehensive knowledge on the combined effects of integrated engineering systems to boost the valorisation of SCGs into high-value products.     

黏胶纤维废水的处理研究

根据黏胶纤维废水水质特点及实际排放情况,在实验室内采用预处理-生化处理工艺进行了实际黏胶纤维废水处理效果研究。考察了各废水相互混合以废治废后再中和处理的效果以及对后续固定化微生物技术处理效果的影响,并取得了相关的最佳技术参数。实验结果表明,经两级处理后的黏胶纤维废水COD去除率可达95%以上,出水COD可达到50 mg/L以下。研究结果为实际工程改造提供了技术依据,也为同类的研究提供了参考。     

混凝沉淀预处理水杨酸己酯类香料废水研究

采用混凝沉淀研究水杨酸己酯类废水的预处理实验效果,综合比较两种混凝剂PAC(聚合氯化铝)、FeCl3对该废水的混凝预处理效果,得出二者CODCr去除率分别为23.35%、38.34%。FeCl3混凝对水杨酸己酯类香料废水具有相对较高的去除效果。     

印制电路板废水处理工程实例

文章介绍了"分流预处理+MBR+Fenton"工艺在印制电路板废水处理上的应用,该工艺自2013年10月投产至今处理效果稳定。出水各项指标均达到相关标准。     

我国煤系针状焦原料预处理技术工业化研究进展

针状焦是碳素材料中的优质品种,是生产超高功率石墨电极的主要原料。原料预处理的目的是脱除煤沥青的喹啉不溶物,溶剂法和改质法是已经实现工业化生产的煤系针状焦原料预处理方法。文章主要就这两种方法在我国煤系针状焦生产企业中的研究进展进行介绍。     

变换炉卸料口接管焊缝裂纹产生的原因及处理

针对变换炉运行一段时间后卸料口接管与变换炉本体焊接处出现的贯穿性裂纹,分析其原因,并在运行过程中采取了一系列预处理措施,有效控制了泄漏;在检修时制定了改造措施,最终消除了这一设备缺陷。     

光整铝车轮表面无铬预处理

光整铝车轮对表面光泽要求高,而普通预处理工艺极易破坏其表面质量,导致失光或变色。采用双官能团自组装分子(SAM)无铬封闭预处理技术对光整铝车轮进行表面处理,讨论了预处理工艺流程,对影响光整铝车轮表面光泽和耐蚀性能的主要工艺参数进行了正交试验,获得了最佳的工艺参数:脱脂碱洗总碱点为6,无铬转化膜电导率为120μS/cm,SAM封闭电导率为160μS/cm。在此条件下对光整铝车轮表面进行预处理,然后喷涂丙烯酸透明粉,与经过普通预处理的试样进行对比,测试了涂膜性能。结果表明,经过SAM无铬封闭预处理的光整铝车轮,其表面光泽度保持率达97.7%,附着力0级。与普通预处理相比,SAM无铬封闭能显著提高光整铝车轮的耐蚀性能。     

固相萃取技术及其在水样分析中的应用

固相萃取作为一种新型的预处理方法,近年来得到了广泛的应用和发展。因其具有有机溶剂使用量少、操作简单、选择性高、重现性好等特点,非常适合水中痕量有机物的富集和浓缩。本文阐述了固相萃取的基本原理、分类及其常用吸附剂和洗脱液的种类,并以水中多环芳烃、有机磷农药的预处理为例,介绍了固相萃取技术在水样分析中的应用。