Basic rules for rheologic forging process of semisolid alloy

Semisolid mold forging is a major type of semisolid processing, which is different from neither traditional mold forging nor traditional permanent casting. However, processing defects are often seen in work pieces because of lacking available rules for the process design and control. Some basic rules for the process design and control, simply named the shortest flowing length, pressure filling and the minimum uplifting mold pressure, are advanced in the paper based on amount of researches and experiments. The equations to determine the major process parameters are given out such as the filling pressure, forming pressure and locking mold pressure for the process design and control. The rules and equations are experimentally proved available and applicable by several actual work pieces produced by the semisolid forging process.     

钢的半固态单轴压缩变形规律

用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机研究了不同变形速率、不同变形温度以及不同变形量下60Si2Mn钢的半固态应力与应变的变化规律，并通过金相观察分析了压缩变形后钢的半固态显微组织。结果发现钢的半固态压缩变形特征为：随着变形温度的不同呈粘塑性流动；在不同的变形速率下，初始变形阶段的应力变化是基本一致的，即半固态的钢先呈现出线弹性的变形响应，随后呈现出不同软化程度的粘性流动变形响应；变形量对钢的半固态变形特征影响显著。在适宜的温度及变形量范围内，半固态的钢呈粘性流动。笔者认为：半固态的钢因其特殊的组织特点，会形成疏松且不稳定的晶粒聚集结构。在外界作用下，该聚集结构将被破坏，从而导致钢的半固态浆料的表观粘度下降，即呈现出“剪切变稀”的触变特性。     

钢铁材料及有色合金构件的多段半固态成形工艺研究

目的为了有效抑制半固态成形过程中的液相偏析,改善半固态成形构件微观组织和力学性能的均匀性。方法提出了包括多段流变成形和多段触变成形在内的多段半固态成形工艺。多段半固态成形工艺均由半固态坯/浆料制备、预成形、控温冷却和终成形4个阶段组成,分别在热模拟试验机和机械伺服压机上开展了SKD11工具钢和6061铝合金的半固态触变成形和半固态流变成形试验。结果在初成形阶段,具有较高液相分数的半固态坯/浆料以较高的应变速率初步充填型腔,限制了液相外流的时间和空间;在控温冷却阶段,半固态坯/浆料的液相分数因部分凝固而降低;在终成形阶段,具有较低液相分数的半固态坯/浆料以较低的应变速率完成型腔的充填,由于固相晶粒在此阶段发生塑性变形而提高了成形构件的力学性能。结论获得了组织均匀性较好的钢铁材料和有色合金构件,验证了多段半固态成形工艺的可行性。     

3D Printing and Nanotechnology: A Multiscale Alliance in Personalized Medicine

3D printing and nanotechnology have been two important tools in the development of therapeutic approaches for personalized medicine. More recently, their alliance has been improved in an effort to build innovative, versatile, multifunctional, and/or smart medical and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, an extensive review about scientific studies that ally 3D printing and nanomaterials in the development of new approaches for pharmaceutical and medical applications for the treatment and prevention of diseases is presented here. The articles are classified into five categories according to their main application: Cell growth and tissue engineering, antimicrobial, drug delivery, stimulus-response, and theranostics. Semisolid extrusion, inorganic nanoparticles, and cell growth and tissue engineering are the most reported 3D printing technique, type of nanomaterial, and application, respectively. The increase in papers dedicated to these areas is also notable, especially in the 2019 and 2020, when semisolid extrusion became the most used technique, overcoming fused deposition modelling. In fact, this review highlights that the possibility of an alliance between 3D printing and nanotechnology for the production of multiscale materials is undoubtedly a great opportunity for knowledge and innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical area.     

半固态成形工艺特点及发展现状

半固态成形技术充分利用金属材料在半固态温度区间特殊的微观组织和成形性能,能够在较低的成形载荷下实现复杂构件的高效近净成形,该技术的应用对于提高金属材料的质量利用率和性能利用率、延长模具寿命、节能减排等方面具有重要的作用。主要介绍了半固态成形技术的历史沿革、半固态成形技术的分类、半固态金属坯料浆料的制备工艺、有色金属材料和钢铁材料的半固态成形技术开发以及应用情况,最后提出了半固态成形技术所面临的挑战和机遇。     

电磁搅拌与浇注温度对半固态A356铝合金中微量稀土细化初生相的影响

在不同浇注温度和电磁搅拌制度下制备了A356铝合金半固态浆料,研究了微量稀土下浇注温度、电磁搅拌频率和时间对半固态A356铝合金初生相形貌及力学性能的影响。结果表明,通过优化半固态制浆工艺条件减少稀土的加入量是可行的,实验表明稀土微量化的合适工艺方案是:浇注温度为630℃,电磁搅拌频率为30Hz,搅拌时间为8s。此时,加入量为0.3%的稀土La细化效果和常规加入量为0.4%La的低过热度浇注的相当,其力学性能也基本相同。     

铝硅合金流变模型及应力－应变本构关系的研究

通过Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金准固态流变性能的测试，建立了该合金准固态流变模型，并推导了轴对称铝硅合金铸件凝固过程应力－应变本构方程，为开展铸件凝固过程热应力数值模拟和热裂预测提供了可靠的理论依据。     

MB15-RE 镁合金铸坯在半固态温度下的应力灢应变曲线测试与特征分析

研究了MB15-RE镁合金常规铸坯在半固态温度下应力-应变曲线变化的影响要素。通过热模拟实验,发现MB15-RE在560℃的半固态温度下应力-应变曲线均可分为3个阶段：应力上升阶段、应力下降阶段和应力稳定阶段;同时在相同应变速率下,合金温度越高,其应力峰值和稳态应力越低,表明曲线与在半固态温度下试样中固液态比例相关;在相同温度下,应变速率越大,峰值应力越大而稳态应力越小,表明了再结晶比例越高,稳态应力越低。     

6201铝合金管材连续流变扩展挤压过程中温度场和流场的数值模拟(英文)

利用自行设计的连续半固态扩展挤压成形装置制备6201铝合金管材,并采用数值模拟研究此过程的温度场和流场分布规律。结果表明:辊?靴型腔内合金的温度从入口到出口处逐渐降低,等温线向轧辊侧偏移,金属流动速度沿工作辊表面向辊靴表面依次递减。在扩展挤压模具内,合金呈放射状填充到模具中,温度由入口到出口处逐渐降低,且模具扩展腔中心的温度高于壁面的温度。分流孔中心位置和焊合部位对应的成形管材截面流线密集,此处相应的金属硬度也高,在两者之间出现8条流线的舒缓过渡带。为制备表面质量良好的6201铝合金管材,合理的浇注温度为750～780°C。     

二次加热过程中半固态AZ31镁合金的显微组织演变

利用波浪形倾斜板振动技术制备AZ31镁合金半固态坯料,获得较为理想的球形或近球形晶粒组织。结果表明:随二次加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,半固态组织中的液相体积分数增大,固相逐渐长大并球化;AZ31镁合金580℃和610℃时二次加热组织均不适合半固态触变成形;适合触变成形的二次加热最优工艺为590℃保温40～60 min、或者600℃保温30 min;此条件下获得的平均晶粒直径为58～61μm,固相率为87%(体积分数)左右。晶格扩散机制对二次加热原子扩散起主导作用,是造成合金固相颗粒尺寸变化的根本原因;固液界面张力是造成颗粒形状球形或近球形变化的重要原因。