The postmodern turn in psychoanalysis: A critique.

In the recent literature, legitimate criticisms of some traditional psychoanalytic views have been transformed into untenable philosophical positions that do not constitute an adequate basis for psychoanalytic theory or practice. For example, skepticism toward the therapeutic value of insight and self-knowledge has been transformed into a philosophical position that rules out the very possibility of discovering truths about the mind. According to this view, rather than uncovering and discovering what is in the patient's mind, the mind is "interpretively constructed." The author argues that all of the difficulties of traditional theory identified by "new view" theorists do not obviate the need to recognize the existence of the patient's psychic reality independent of interpretive constructions and to attempt to understand that reality as fully and as accurately as possible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Action and insight.

Reviews the book, Action and insight by Paul L. Wachtel (see record 1988-97486-000). Action and insight is a compendium of Paul Wachtel's most important papers. Wachtel's capacity to move from personality theory to clinical theory to clinical technique, with each informing the others, is probably unequaled by any other contemporary psychologist. His reflections on personality are in noteworthy contrast to so much contemporary work in personality psychology. Wachtel begins the book with a series of chapters on theory, in which he challenges several aspects of psychodynamic thinking, and lays out his theory of "cyclical psychodynamics." Wachtel also challenges the "motivational omnipotence" of psychoanalytic theory, which underemphasizes cognitive and situational determinants of behavior. Wachtel's suggestions for clinical technique flow organically from his theoretical position. If the cornerstone of a theory of psychopathology is repression--not knowing--then the cornerstone of treatment must be insight--knowing. If, however, another cornerstone of the theory is anxiety, then action and insight become intertwined, and a more active intervention style may be necessary. Action and insight is a cogent, sophisticated, clearly written book that challenges clinicians from every point of view. This is integrative work at its best. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dynamics and constraints in insight problem solving.

This article reports 2 experiments that investigated performance on a novel insight problem, the 8-coin problem. The authors hypothesized that participants would make certain initial moves (strategic moves) that seemed to make progress according to the problem instructions but that nonetheless would guarantee failure to solve the problem. Experiment 1 manipulated the starting state of the problem and showed that overall solution rates were lower when such strategic moves were available. Experiment 2 showed that failure to capitalize on visual hints about the correct first move was also associated with the availability of strategic moves. The results are interpreted in terms of an information-processing framework previously applied to the 9-dot problem. The authors argue that in addition to the operation of inappropriate constraints, a full account of insight problem solving must incorporate a dynamic that steers solution-seeking activity toward the constraints, (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Insight: A Bridging of the Theoretical and Research Literatures.

Arm-chair theorizing and polemicizing has traditionally characterized discussions involving the concept of "insight" in psycho-therapy. This article attempts to examine some of the more controversial issues about "insight" in terms of relevant research studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"I live in a large tree."

Briefly recounts the author's experience upon suffering a stroke and subsequent loss of coherent speech capability, and of the life-saving insight and resourcefulness shown by a U. S. West telephone operator. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Insight and strategy in multiple-cue learning.

In multiple-cue learning (also known as probabilistic category learning) people acquire information about cue-outcome relations and combine these into predictions or judgments. Previous researchers claimed that people can achieve high levels of performance without explicit knowledge of the task structure or insight into their own judgment policies. It has also been argued that people use a variety of suboptimal strategies to solve such tasks. In three experiments the authors reexamined these conclusions by introducing novel measures of task knowledge and self-insight and using "rolling regression" methods to analyze individual learning. Participants successfully learned a four-cue probabilistic environment and showed accurate knowledge of both the task structure and their own judgment processes. Learning analyses suggested that the apparent use of suboptimal strategies emerges from the incremental tracking of statistical contingencies in the environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论当代学报编辑素质的提升

为了提高高校学报的质量,提升高校学报编辑的竞争力,就学报编辑的思想素质、业务能力、学识水平、编辑手段等方面进行了阐述与探讨.     

论人类自我认识的路径与方法

人类的自我认识是哲学探究的最高目标,是人的基本职责,是实现自我的先行条件,但它正面临着前所未有的危机。因此,需要对人类自我的认识进行正确的把握和理解。人类的自我认识关涉人能否由存在者的层次返回存在,通达真理和自由的重大问题。返回存在要求我们必须经正确的路径--内观和体验,踏上寻求真理之路,通达真理,欢享真正的自由。     

Psychopathic traits from the perspective of self and informant reports: Is there evidence for a lack of insight?

It has been suggested that psychopathic individuals are incapable of providing valid reports on their own personality functioning because they are either unwilling (i.e., pathologically lie) or unable (i.e. lack insight) to do so. Despite the long-standing nature of this suggestion, almost no empirical research exists on this topic. In the current study, the authors examined the issue of psychopathy and insight by testing self and informant convergence and mean level differences across 3 indices of psychopathy in a community sample (N = 64). Self- and informant-report psychopathy scores were also examined in relation to self and informant reports on traits from the Five-Factor Model (FFM). Convergence was strong across the 3 psychopathy indices and their respective factors (i.e., median r = .64), and there was only modest evidence that individuals rated themselves as less psychopathic than did informants. In addition, the same FFM domains—low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness—characterized individuals with psychopathic traits regardless of reporter. Psychopathic individuals appear capable of reporting accurately on psychopathic traits when there are no direct consequences to accurate reporting (i.e., sentencing). It may be that the lack of concern for the consequences of these traits has been mistaken for a lack of insight into them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Zeolite (In)Stability under Aqueous or Steaming Conditions

Zeolites are among the most environmentally friendly materials produced industrially at the Megaton scale. They find numerous commercial applications, particularly in catalysis, adsorption, and separation. Under ambient conditions aluminosilicate zeolites are stable when exposed to water or water vapor. However, at extreme conditions as high temperature, high water vapor pressure or increased acidity/basicity, their crystalline framework can be destroyed. The stability of the zeolite framework under aqueous conditions also depends on the concentration and character of heteroatoms (other than Al) and the topology of the zeolite. The factors critical for zeolite (in)stability in the presence of water under various conditions are reviewed from the experimental as well as computational sides. Nonreactive and reactive interactions of water with zeolites are addressed. The goal of this review is to provide a comparative overview of all-silica zeolites, aluminosilicates and zeolites with other heteroatoms (Ti, Sn, and Ge) when contacted with water. Due attention is also devoted to the situation when partial zeolite hydrolysis is used beneficially, such as the formation of hierarchical zeolites, synthesis of new zeolites or fine-tuning catalytic or adsorption characteristics of zeolites.