基于超材料的自由电子辐射研究进展

自由电子与周围电磁环境互作用时可以通过不同的形式辐射电磁波.超材料是一种人工复合材料,可实现传统自然材料所不具备的电磁特性.基于超材料与自由电子之间的相互作用可以打破传统电磁辐射系统的限制,实现对辐射电磁波的极化、相位、波前等特性的灵活操控,这为发展新型的自由电子辐射器件提供了新思路.本文简单介绍了切伦科夫辐射、史密斯...     

基于非对称耦合螺旋谐振器的顺序旋转馈电网络设计

基于一种新型超材料单元——非对称耦合螺旋谐振器,提出了基于该单元的顺序旋转馈电网络设计方案。由于螺旋谐振器的内卷几何特性,非对称耦合螺旋谐振器尺寸非常紧凑。同时,研究发现,该单元的-90°相移频率大致与通带中心频率对应,对于设计正交相移微波器件具有重要价值。由于非对称耦合螺旋谐振器的上述优点,提出的馈电网络结构具有小型化和调试简单等优点。测试结果表明,该馈电网络能够较好地满足顺序旋转馈电的要求。     

声学超材料在低频减振降噪中的应用评述

低频机械波在传播过程中穿透力强,难以衰减,特别是次声频段的机械波易与机体器官发生共振,对身体造成危害。为了实现对低频机械波的有效控制,解决现代工业生产和生活中普遍存在的噪声污染问题,结合最近十几年发展起来的声子晶体和声学超材料,系统地总结和论述通过声子晶体和声学超材料解决低频振动噪声问题的新方法。归纳和总结典型的低频振动噪声来源和对其进行控制方面存在的一些困难,介绍低频振动噪声的危害。重点概括基于声子晶体禁带特性实现低频振动噪声被动控制的相关研究工作,主要介绍通过亚波长尺寸特征的杆、薄板和薄膜类结构来实现低频振动和噪声衰减的具体方法和效果。在声学超材料的理论框架下,讨论薄膜类结构在低频振动噪声衰减中的应用及其优缺点。通过结合实际工程需要和最新研究动态,对这一领域存在的问题和后续发展趋势进行总结。研究对推动声子晶体和声学超材料在工程实践中的应用具有一定的引导意义。     

Vibrational Energy Transport in Hybrid Ordered/Disordered Nanocomposites: Hybridization and Avoided Crossings of Localized and Delocalized Modes

Vibrational energy transport in disordered media is of fundamental importance to several fields spanning from sustainable energy to biomedicine to thermal management. This work investigates hybrid ordered/disordered nanocomposites that consist of crystalline membranes decorated by regularly patterned disordered regions formed by ion beam irradiation. The presence of the disordered regions results in reduced thermal conductivity, rendering these systems of interest for use as nanostructured thermoelectrics and thermal device components, yet their vibrational properties are not well understood. Here, the mechanism of vibrational transport and the reason underlying the observed reduction is established in detail. The hybrid systems are found to exhibit glass‐crystal duality in vibrational transport. Lattice dynamics reveals substantial hybridization between the localized and delocalized modes, which induces avoided crossings and harmonic broadening in the dispersion. Allen/Feldman theory shows that the hybridization and avoided crossings are the dominant drivers of the reduction. Anharmonic scattering is also enhanced in the patterned nanocomposites, further contributing to the reduction. The systems exhibit features reminiscent of both nanophononic materials and locally resonant nanophononic metamaterials, but operate in a manner distinct to both. These findings indicate that such “patterned disorder” can be a promising strategy to tailor vibrational transport through hybrid nanostructures.     

基于可重构超材料的太赫兹可调带阻滤波器

设计了一种基于可重构超材料的太赫兹三带可调带阻滤波器。该滤波器各单元均由可动部分与固定部分构成,两部分均采用金-硅两层结构,表层金的厚度为0.65 μm,下层硅的厚度为25 μm。可移动部分由电热驱动器进行驱动,最大位移为5 μm。可动部分为两边长不同的矩形环,固定部分为开口环。用时域有限积分方法研究了滤波特性和频率可调机理,并根据表面电流分布情况,建立了等效电路。由表面电流分布可知,前两个阻带中心频率分别由固定部分的低频偶极子和高频偶极子振荡产生,第三个阻带中心频率由可动部分表面的偶极子振荡产生。该可调带阻滤波器在太赫兹通信和频率选择性太赫兹探测领域有重要应用价值。     

Ultrabroadband Optical Superchirality in a 3D Stacked‐Patch Plasmonic Metamaterial Designed by Two‐Step Glancing Angle Deposition

Low‐cost and large‐scale fabrication of 3D chiral metamaterials is highly desired for potential applications such as nanophotonics devices and chiral biosensors. One of the promising fabrication methods is to use glancing angle deposition (GLAD) of metal on self‐assembled dielectric microsphere array. However, structural handedness varies locally due to long‐range disorder of the array and therefore large‐scale realization of the same handedness is impossible. Here, using symmetry considerations a two‐step GLAD process is proposed to eliminate this longstanding problem. In the proposed scheme, the unavoidable long‐range disorder gives rise to microscale domains of the same handedness but of slightly different structural geometries and ultimately contributes to a broad‐band response. Experimentally, a record‐breaking superchiral response of circular dichroism signal of ≈11° is demonstrated and an average polarization rotation angle of 27° in the visible region on ≈1 cm² sample is observed. Computer‐aided geometric reconstruction with experimental parameters unambiguously reveal the presence of strong structural anisotropy and chirality in the prepared stacked‐patch plasmonic chiral metamaterial; microscopic spectral analyses combined with full‐wave electromagnetic simulations coherently provide deeper insights into the measured circular dichroism and optical activity. The observed chiroptical response can also be flexibly controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters for various potential applications.     

超材料(metamaterials)在电子元件中的应用

超材料(metamaterials)指的是一些呈现出天然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的人工复合材料。它们的超常特征来源于其中人工制备的、特殊的非均匀插入结构所导致的物理响应。介绍了近年来发展出的超材料包括左手材料、"隐身斗篷"和光子晶体等,对其在电子元件领域中的应用进行了评述和展望。