茯苓提取物对酪氨酸酶抑制动力学及刺激性研究

研究了茯苓提取物对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活力的影响及其抑制动力学,测试结果表明:茯苓提取物对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶的活力均有抑制作用,单酚酶和二酚酶活力下降50%的茯苓提取物质量浓度(IC_(50))分别为0.008和0.040 g/L。酪氨酸酶单酚酶的催化反应存在迟滞时间,茯苓提取物对酪氨酸酶二酚酶活力的抑制作用表现为可逆效应。Lineweaver-Burk图显示茯苓提取物对二酚酶的作用表现为非竞争性与竞争性混合的抑制类型。在此基础上采用红细胞溶血实验初步评估茯苓提取物对皮肤的刺激性,结果显示含2.000 g/L茯苓提取物的样品无刺激性,质量浓度远大于单酚酶和二酚酶活力下降50%的茯苓提取物质量浓度IC_(50),茯苓提取物在0.200~0.800 g/L的质量浓度范围内可保证其安全添加且具有美白功效。     

固态酶型时间温度指示器的研发

目的开发出一种新型的以酪氨酸酶酶促褐变原理为基础的固态酶型时间温度指示器(time-temperature indicator,TTI)。方法通过单因素实验,确定各因素的取值范围,并建立以TTI指示时间为响应值,以酪氨酸含量、酪氨酸酶含量以及聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)浓度为自变量的数学模型。结果根据响应面模型预测,确定了TTI达到最长时间时各因素的取值:酪氨酸30.08 mg,酪氨酸酶0.30 m L,PVA15.18%,此时TTI的最长指示时间可以达到50.48 h。结论优化了固态酶型时间温度指示器,并确定了该指示器的最长指示时间,为该指示器的应用提供了基础。     

酪氨酸酶酶促乳铁蛋白在丝素表面的接枝

本文利用酪氨酸酶对酪氨酸残基具有催化氧化的特性,进行了酶促乳铁蛋白在丝素表面接枝效果研究。借助酪氨酸含量分析、丝素蛋白溶液黏度测定等,评价了酪氨酸酶的催化接枝效果。研究结果表明,经酪氨酸酶处理后,丝纤维中酪氨酸含量下降;与仅经乳铁蛋白处理相比,酪氨酸酶/乳铁蛋白组合后丝织物的强力、丝素蛋白溶液黏度增加,验证了酶促乳铁蛋白在丝素蛋白表面的接枝反应。此外,乳铁蛋白也会在丝纤维表面吸附,表现为酪氨酸酶/乳铁蛋白处理样与仅乳铁蛋白处理样染色性能较相近。     

美白祛斑剂的复配研究及在化妆品中的应用

筛选出三种新型用于复配的美白祛斑剂,分别是传明酸、壬二酸衍生物、红景天提取物,探讨初选的三个美白剂质量含量分别为1％、2％、3％、4％、5％时的酪氨酸酶抑制率,确定了最佳的复配含量,通过稳定性评价和微生物检测实验,鉴定了复配产品是否符合国家化妆品生产管理规范。     

Melanogenesis Inhibition by Homoisoflavavone Sappanone A from Caesalpinia sappan

Homoisoflavanone, sappanone A, was isolated from Caesalpinia sappan and proven to dose-dependently inhibit both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity via repressing tyrosinase gene expression in mouse B16 melanoma cells. To our knowledge, sappanone A is the first homoisoflavanone to be discovered with melanogenesis inhibitory activity. Our results give a new impetus to the future search for other homoisoflavanone melanogenesis inhibitors.     

Anti-melanoma, tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-microbial activities of gold nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous leaf extracts of Teraxacum officinale

There has been a tenacious search for pharmaceuticals of natural origin, as they are cost-effective and are noted for having little or no side effects. The rate at which diseases are developing resistance to synthetic drugs is quite alarming, and the side effects of these drugs remain an excruciating agony to the pharmaceutical industry. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have wide applications in current technology. However, their use in medicine has not been adequately explored. Chemical methods for the synthesis are associated with environmental benignity and tissue toxicity on in vivo administration. For the first time, we have synthesized AuNPs from leaf extracts of Teraxacum officinale that were found to have significant anti-melanoma, tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-microbial effects, and hence stand as promising candidates for use in cosmetics medical and food industries.     

Optimization of culture medium composition for manganese peroxidase and tyrosinase production during Reactive Black 5 decolourization by the yeast Trichosporon akiyoshidainum

Decolourization and degradation of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 was carried out by the yeast Trichosporon akiyoshidainum. A nine-factor Plackett-Burman design was employed for the study and optimization of the decolourization process and production of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and tyrosinase activities. In the present study, 26 individual experiments were conducted and three responses were evaluated. Raising yeast extract concentration significantly enhanced decolourization and MnP production. Carbon and nitrogen sources, glucose and (NH4)2 SO4, showed no significant effect on any response over the concentration range tested. Other culture medium components, such as CaCl2 or MgSO4, could be excluded from the medium formula, as they had no effect on the evaluated responses. Metal ions (Fe, Cu and Mn) showed different effects on decolourization and enzymatic activities. Addition of copper significantly enhanced MnP activity and decreased dye decolourization. On the contrary, iron had a positive effect on decolourization and no effect on enzyme production. Oddly, increasing manganese concentration had a positive effect on tyrosinase production without affecting decolourization or MnP activity. These results strongly suggest that dye decolourization should be regarded as a complex multi-enzymatic process, where optimal medium composition should arise as a compromise between those optimal for each implied enzyme production.     

硫脲在酪氨酸酶催化中的抑制动力学

研究了硫脲对蘑菇酪氨酸酶活力的抑制效应。实验结果表明,硫脲与酪氨酸酶催化氧化产物醌反应,形成了无色的L-DOPA衍生物,从而阻断了多巴色素的形成。硫脲导致酪氨酸酶活力下降50%时的浓度(IC50)为1.37 mmol·L-1,在降低酶活的同时,硫脲能明显延长该酶的延滞时间,表现为不可逆反竞争性抑制。