稀土稳定剂的制备与应用

用皂化法制备硬脂酸稀土,以硬脂酸稀土为稳定剂,CPE为改性剂,轻质碳酸钙为填料,同时加入硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸、石蜡、钛白粉等助剂,对PVC进行共混改性。研究了硬脂酸稀土在PVC加工中的应用特点。结果表明,硬脂酸稀土具有优异的热稳定性和耐候性,对PVC的力学性能、加工性能都有不同程度的提高。与其他稳定剂共用时,表现出良好的协同效应,可部分取代铅、镉、钡等金属盐类稳定剂。     

不锈钢加铁稀土离子硫氮碳共渗工艺的研究

对1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti奥氏体不锈钢在稀土催渗条件下进行了加与未加辅助铁板的离子硫氮共渗对比试验.试验表明:稀土具有很强的催渗作用.在与辅助铁板的共同作用下,可使奥氏体不锈钢的氮化温度降低60℃,减小了零件的变形;在相同的共渗温度条件下,可使氮化层深度比离子硫氮碳共渗增加30%以上,比未加辅助铁板的稀土离子硫氮碳增加10%.且稀土元素可渗入钢表层,细化渗层组织,促进氮碳化合物弥散细小析出,提高渗层硬度.     

Thermodynamic analysis and assessment of the Ce–Ni system

An optimised set of thermodynamic parameters for the Ce–Ni system has been obtained using the CALPHAD approach. A thorough thermodynamic analysis of the system has been carried out using different calorimetric techniques and the data have been used in the assessment. The free energy of the liquid phase has been described as a function of temperature and composition using a Redlich–Kister polynomial. Solid compounds have been considered as stoichiometric with the exception of the Laves phases. The phase diagram and thermodynamic quantities calculated from assessed parameters agree well with experimental data.     

Solid-state phase equilibria in the Gd–Co–Al ternary system at 1173 K

A portion of the isothermal section (1173 K) of the phase diagram of the Gd–Co–Al ternary system (up to 33.3 at.% Gd) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Fourteen single-phase regions (including solid solution regions of the binary compounds), twenty-five two-phase regions and twelve three-phase regions were found to exist at this isothermal section. In the GdCo₂–GdAl₂ system, the existence of the GdCo_0.74Al_1.26 phase is identified and it has a composition range of 30–45 at.% Al, the maximum solid solubility of Al in GdCo₂ is about 15 at.%, and Co in GdAl₂ is about 16 at.%. Besides, the maximum solid solubility of Al in Co, Gd₂Co₁₇ and GdCo₅ is about 6, 17 and 25 at.%, respectively, the maximum solid solubility of Gd in Co, CoAl is below 2 at.% and the solid solubility range is from 47 to 61 at.% Al in CoAl phase. In this work, no new ternary compounds were observed.     

稀土La对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢组织和性能的影响

研究了在3Cr2W8V热作模具钢中分别加入3种不同含量稀土La后,对组织、强度、硬度、冲击韧度和塑性的影响,并在相同的热处理工艺条件下,与不添加稀土La的3Cr2W8V钢进行对比。研究结果表明:稀土La加入量在适当的范围内可使组织得到明显细化,强度、冲击韧度和塑性有显著提高而硬度无明显变化,当稀土La加入量为0.20%时,3Cr2W8V钢可获得最好的综合力学性能。     

稀土对Ni-Fe合金镀液性能的影响

本文以获得含铁量为20％的镍铁合金镀层的电镀工艺为基础，在简单硫酸盐镀液中，全面系统地研究了稀土添加剂对该体系镇渡性能的影响。结果表明：（1）稀土有稳定镀液、减少Fe~（3＋）的作用；（2）稀土可扩大获得光亮镀层的电流密度范围；（3）稀土可明显提高镀液分散能力和阴极电流效率，促使阴极极化增大；（4）稀土的最佳添加量为0.2－0.5g／L。文中还阐明了稀土的作用机理。     

Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Yb, Er co-doped sodium–lead–germanate glasses

Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ co-doped Na₂O–GeO₂–PbO glass suitable for developing optical fiber lasers and amplifiers has been fabricated. The energy transfer efficiency from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ was investigated in the glasses with different Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratios and the maximum energy transfer efficiency was found to be 67% at the Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratio of 5:1. Subsequently, the studies of upconversion emissions in the visible range were performed. An intense green together with a relatively weak red emission was observed under the excitation of 976 nm diode laser. The quadratic dependence of the green emission on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under a 976 nm excitation. However, for the red emission the slope of log-log plot of integrated intensity versus pump power declines with increasing Yb³⁺ ions content, indicating it is not resulted from a biphotonic process.     

The Al–R–Mg (R=Gd, Dy, Ho) systems. Part I: experimental investigation

Key experiments were carried out on the three Al–R–Mg (R=Gd,Dy,Ho) systems and the results obtained used for the thermodynamic optimisation reported in a separate paper in this issue [Caccasmani G, De Negri S, Saccone A, Ferro R. Intermetallics this issue.]. The samples were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The isothermal sections at 400 °C are all characterized by extended homogeneity regions at a constant rare earth content. The extension of the (Mg,Al)R solid solution, cP2-CsCl type, varies with the R atomic number. Ternary compounds (τ) of Al₂(R,Mg) stoichiometry (hexagonal Laves phases with MgNi₂-type structure) have been found to exist at 400 °C in all the systems. Their temperatures of formation were detected by DTA measurements.     

电刷镀Fe-Re对20CrMnTi钢疲劳性能的影响

通过20CrMnTi钢经电刷镀Fe-Re、电刷镀Fe和离子硫碳氮共渗处理的对比试验,分析了其疲劳前后的硬度变化、疲劳断口形貌、疲劳源的位置和过渡层的强度等问题.结果表明,20CrMnTi钢经Fe-Re电刷镀可显著提高弯曲疲劳强度,比电刷镀Fe和离子硫碳氮共渗分别提高了9.9%和21.9%,增加了刷镀层的厚度,提高了过渡层强度,并使疲劳源位置向心部推移,从而有效地增强了20CrMnTi钢的疲劳强度和超负荷持久性.     

Microporous rare-earth coordination polymers constructed by 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate

In this paper, three novel microporous materials of 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate Ln[(C₈H₁₀O₄)_1.5(H₂O)] · 0.5(H₂O) (Ln = Eu for 1, Nd for 2, Sm for 3) are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate three complexes are isomorphism. The crystal structure of the coordination polymer 1 reveals that the Eu³⁺ ion center is located in the nine-coordinated environment and the carboxyl groups chelate Eu³⁺ ions to form 1-D channels through c-axis in μ_1, μ₂ and μ₃ fashion. The properties of the microporous materials are all characterized by the adsorption and desorption of the nitrogen gas and show tremendous difference. TGA illustrate the open frameworks are stable to about 450 °C and they are retained upon removal of water molecules in channels.