TC4钛合金惯性摩擦焊接头组织及断裂韧性与裂纹扩展特性分析

文章采用了XRD、SEM、EBSD等显微表征技术分析了焊态及焊后热处理态下焊接接头各区域的微观组织特征,并研究了焊接接头的断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展性能。结果表明,焊缝区以再结晶组织为主,热力影响区等轴状初生α_p相转变为棒状结构,热影响区组织与母材基本相同,热力影响区与热影响区的原始β晶粒内部分区域形成了取向差角度约为60°的针状马氏体α′相,热处理促进了残余亚稳态β相分解,在片状α_s相间形成了大量断续分布组织。焊缝区α晶粒内大量的平行或交叉分布的片状α相和复杂的相界面结构可有效阻碍裂纹的扩展并改变裂纹的扩展路径,提高焊接接头的断裂韧性及抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力。     

Fabrication of TiN nanostructure as a hydrogen peroxide sensor by oblique angle deposition

Nanostructured titanium nitride (TiN) films with varying porosity were prepared by the oblique angle deposition technique (OAD). The porosity of films increases as the deposition angle becomes larger. The film obtained at an incident angle of 85° exhibits the best catalytic activity and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This could be attributed to its largest contact area with the electrolyte. An effective approach is thus proposed to fabricate TiN nanostructure as H₂O₂ sensor by OAD.     

Selective Laser Melting process optimization of Ti–Mo–TiC metal matrix composites

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) was used to process a powder mixture of CP Ti, 6.5 wt% Mo and 3.5 wt% Mo₂C. The process parameters were optimized to obtain full-density, crack free parts. After the in situ decomposition of Mo₂C in favor of the formation of TiC, the material consisted of a homogeneous dispersion of submicrometer sized TiC platelets in a β-(Ti,Mo) matrix exhibiting a high hardness up to 550 HV and compressive yield stress of 1164 ± 37 MPa. The microstructure and mechanical properties could be tailored by variation of the process parameters within the high-density processing window, as well as through post-process heat treatments.     

钛合金内螺纹的电火花加工工艺研究

钛合金材料具有硬度高、强度大、导热系数小、弹性模量低的特点,采用机用丝锥进行钛合金内螺纹加工,经常导致丝锥损坏、螺纹成品率低,对应优化措施需要综合考虑因素多,不易掌握。尤其是小尺寸螺纹加工,难度更大。而电火花加工内螺纹技术成熟。通过M2规格钛合金内螺纹的电火花加工实例,确定了电极尺寸、放电参数和精度保证方式等工艺控制要点以及小尺寸钛合金螺纹电火花加工的工艺路径。试验表明:采用电火花加工钛合金内螺纹具有高效率、成本低、质量可靠的特点。     

基于TiH2粉末制备Ti-13Nb-13Zr合金的微观组织与结构

利用TiH_2、ZrH_2的脱氢特性,结合粉末冶金方法,将TiH_2、Nb和ZrH_2粉末经混合球磨、压制成形,真空烧制得到Ti-13Nb-13Zr合金,对样品进行金相显微镜、SEM、XRD分析,结果表明:烧结坯体相对密度达到92.2%,合金主要组织为α+β型片状魏氏组织,且在合金形成过程中β稳定元素的Nb发挥作用,使得钛的β相在降温完成后仍稳定存在;α-Ti及α-Zr为六方密排(hcp)结构,β-Ti、Nb及β-Zr同为体心立方(bcc)结构。     

Application of electrooxidation process for treating concentrated wastewater from distillery industry with a voluminous electrode

Experiments in a laboratory scale were carried out to reduce color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in distillery wastewater by using electrooxidation processes. A cylindrical electrochemical reactor constructed in an axial configuration with 0.2m diameter and 0.35 m height was employed in this study. Two materials including graphite particles and titanium sponge were used as the voluminous anodes. A cathode made from Ti/RuO(2) was placed 0.04-0.05 m above the upper level of anode particles. Effect of parameters including initial pH of wastewater (1-5), time of dilution, current intensity (1-10A), type of additive (H(2)O(2) and NaCl), and additive concentration were investigated. The results indicated that the anode made from titanium sponge showed a higher potential to treat wastewater than the another one. The treatment in acidic condition (pH=1) provided the maximum oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater. The presence of additives can promote the reduction of COD and color in wastewater approximately 89.62% and 92.24%, respectively. The maximum current efficiency was reached at the first 30 min and decreased slightly as electrolysis time proceeded due to the formation of passivation on the electrode surface. The energy consumption was obtained in the range of 2.82-4.83 kWh/kgCOD or 24.08-28.07 kWh/m(3) wastewater depending upon the concentration of additive. The kinetics of COD reduction was the pseudo first-order reaction with a fast rate constant of 6.78 min(-1).     

Effect of Pt/TiO2 characteristics on temporal behavior of o-cresol decomposition by visible light-induced photocatalysis

Platinum deposited TiO(2) films were prepared on quartz substrates by dip-coating process for the photodecomposition of o-cresol. The characteristics of Pt/TiO(2) and the temporal behavior of o-cresol decomposition by Pt/TiO(2) photocatalysis under visible light irradiation were investigated. Platinum deposited on TiO(2) photocatalysts was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra. The results indicated that the deposition of platinum on TiO(2) promoted the optical absorption in the visible region and made it possible to be excited by visible light. The decomposition rate of o-cresol under visible light irradiation from a fluorescent lamp was enhanced to noticeably extents for experiments conducted with Pt/TiO(2) containing platinum up to 0.50wt% platinum because of the presence of Ti(3+) resulted from the platinum deposited on the TiO(2) surface; and the formation of Schottky Barrier between platinum and TiO(2) preventing the recombination of electric holes and electrons. Specifically, the reaction rate of o-cresol photodegradation at pH 9 using the 0.50wt% Pt/TiO(2) was 4.8 times than that of using pure TiO(2). The intermediates identified by GC/MS spectroscopy during the photocatalytic oxidation of o-cresol. The proposed kinetic model could be adequately applied to describe the temporal behavior of the o-cresol decomposition with and without the dosage of Pt on TiO(2) in aqueous solution by UV/TiO(2) process.     

Disinfection of Legionella pneumophila by ultrasonic treatment with TiO2

An ultrasonic treatment system, using a TiO₂ photocatalyst, was used to disinfect Legionella pneumophila. A kinetic study of the process indicates that TiO₂ significantly improves the disinfection process. The concentrations of viable cells were reduced to 6% of the initial concentrations in the presence of 0.2 g/ml TiO₂ after a 30 min of treatment period, while only an 18% reduction was observed in the absence of TiO₂. The potency of the disinfection could be enhanced, to some extent, by increasing the amount of TiO₂ used. Cell concentrations were decreased by an order of 3 within 30 min of treatment in the presence of 1.0 g/ml TiO₂. The disinfection power in the presence of TiO₂ versus Al₂O₃ was also compared and the findings showed that TiO₂ induced a higher cell killing. No significant effect of initial cell concentration on the disinfection was found in the range of 10²-10⁷ CFU/ml after a 30 min of treatment period. The mechanism of cell killing was investigated by examining the effects of OH radical scavengers such as ascorbic acid, histidine and glutathione. The disinfection power was reduced in samples that contained these radical scavengers, thus indicating the importance of OH radicals.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by TiO2-coated activated carbon and kinetic study

TiO2-coated activated carbon (AC) grain (TiO2/AC) was prepared through hydrolytic precipitation of TiO2 from Tetrabutylorthotitanate and following heat treatment. The TiO2/AC was characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and optical absorption spectroscopy. The samples were employed as catalysts for methyl orange photocatalytic oxidation degradation in aqueous suspension, used as probe reaction. The kinetics of methyl orange photodegradation was analyzed. The results indicate that BET surface area of TiO2-coated ACs decreased drastically in comparison with the original AC with increasing TiO2 coatings by more than 1 doped cycle. Nano-TiO2 particles were dispersed on the AC with the size of 20-40 nm. Crystalline TiO2 doped onto AC was from anatase to rutile with increase of heat-treatment temperature. The TiO2/AC was shown high photoactivity for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dyestuff in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The kinetics of photocatalytic MO dyestuff degradation was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law. It was observed that the presence of the AC enhanced the photoefficiency of the titanium dioxide catalyst. Different amount of TiO2 coatings induced different increases in the apparent first-order rate constant of the process. The kinetic behavior could be described in terms of a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constants for the organic molecules, KC, and for the rate constants, kc, were certainly dependent on TiO2 content. At 47wt% TiO2 coatings with the highest rate constant, the KC and kc was 0.1116l mmol(-1) and 0.1872 mmol l(-1) min(-1), respectively. The mechanism of methyl orange degradation was discussed in terms of the titanium dioxide photosensitization by the AC.     

一种新型低成本阻燃钛合金的微观组织与力学性能

研究了一种名义成分为Ti-25V-15Cr-5Mo-0.25Si-0.08C的新型低成本阻燃钛合金TF-X,通过三次真空自耗熔炼制备了φ120mm铸锭,经包套挤压得到φ25mm棒材,观察了铸锭和挤压棒材的微观组织,测试并分析了挤压棒材的室温和高温拉伸性能、热稳定性能、高温蠕变性能。结果表明：TF-X合金具有与TF550合金大致相同的微观组织;TF-X合金室温及高温拉伸强度高于TF550合金,并且具有很好的塑性;试验条件下,TF-X合金的热稳定性能低于TF550合金,熔炼过程中应该严格控制氧含量;TF-X合金在540℃/250MPa/100h条件下蠕变性能与TF550合金相当,显著高于Ti40合金。