TiC/Ti层状复合材料组织与力学性能研究

为了平衡钛基复合材料（titanium matrix composites, TMCs）的强度和延展性,通过电泳沉积将氧化石墨烯（graphene oxides, GOs）沉积到Ti箔表面,然后进行放电等离子烧结（spark plasma sintering, SPS）制备了具有层状结构的原位TiC/Ti复合材料,并对复合材料进行冷轧和退火处理从而进一步优化复合材料的综合力学性能。结果表明,烧结过程中,Ti箔表面的GOs与Ti基体反应形成了原位TiC,从而形成了TiC/Ti层状复合材料,随着沉积时间的增加,分布在Ti层之间的TiC的含量增加;复合材料经过冷轧和退火后,退火态材料的晶粒为等轴晶,且TiC仍然保持层状分布特征。沉积时间120 s时,烧结态材料的抗拉强度（UTS）为555 MPa,伸长率（δ）为15%;退火态材料的抗拉强度为568 MPa,伸长率为27%,相比于烧结态材料,退火态材料达到了较好的强塑性匹配。此外,基于微观组织及断裂行为的分析对复合材料的强韧化机制进行了讨论。     

Selective Laser Melting process optimization of Ti–Mo–TiC metal matrix composites

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) was used to process a powder mixture of CP Ti, 6.5 wt% Mo and 3.5 wt% Mo₂C. The process parameters were optimized to obtain full-density, crack free parts. After the in situ decomposition of Mo₂C in favor of the formation of TiC, the material consisted of a homogeneous dispersion of submicrometer sized TiC platelets in a β-(Ti,Mo) matrix exhibiting a high hardness up to 550 HV and compressive yield stress of 1164 ± 37 MPa. The microstructure and mechanical properties could be tailored by variation of the process parameters within the high-density processing window, as well as through post-process heat treatments.     

钛合金内螺纹的电火花加工工艺研究

钛合金材料具有硬度高、强度大、导热系数小、弹性模量低的特点,采用机用丝锥进行钛合金内螺纹加工,经常导致丝锥损坏、螺纹成品率低,对应优化措施需要综合考虑因素多,不易掌握。尤其是小尺寸螺纹加工,难度更大。而电火花加工内螺纹技术成熟。通过M2规格钛合金内螺纹的电火花加工实例,确定了电极尺寸、放电参数和精度保证方式等工艺控制要点以及小尺寸钛合金螺纹电火花加工的工艺路径。试验表明:采用电火花加工钛合金内螺纹具有高效率、成本低、质量可靠的特点。     

基于TiH2粉末制备Ti-13Nb-13Zr合金的微观组织与结构

利用TiH_2、ZrH_2的脱氢特性,结合粉末冶金方法,将TiH_2、Nb和ZrH_2粉末经混合球磨、压制成形,真空烧制得到Ti-13Nb-13Zr合金,对样品进行金相显微镜、SEM、XRD分析,结果表明:烧结坯体相对密度达到92.2%,合金主要组织为α+β型片状魏氏组织,且在合金形成过程中β稳定元素的Nb发挥作用,使得钛的β相在降温完成后仍稳定存在;α-Ti及α-Zr为六方密排(hcp)结构,β-Ti、Nb及β-Zr同为体心立方(bcc)结构。     

复杂结构的钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片的双层制造工艺及其毛坯优化设计

钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片是航空发动机的重要部件,具有复杂的结构特点,内部交替排列着减重空腔与加强筋,采用基于复杂超塑性成形的传统多层工艺成形难度大。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于热成形和扩散连接技术的新双层制造工艺,并且规划了一条毛坯优化设计的基本技术途径,更可靠可控的构建了内部加强筋。借用ABAQUS软件数值模拟成形,分析成形结果的厚度均匀性、结构完整性和表面缺陷,以评估方法的实用性。以Ti-6Al-4V为成形材料,采用经尺寸优化后的最佳坯料,进行了一系列的实验来验证仿真结果。实验成功制造出无缺陷的缩比版钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片,同时实验与仿真模拟结果非常吻合。     

Ti6Al4V 合金在Saline溶液中的扭动微动磨损

在球/面接触中存在四种微动模式,即切向、径向、转动和扭动微动,在生理介质中扭动微动是人工关节失效的主要原因之一。本文成功建立了一种可在恒温液体介质中实现球/面接触扭动微动的新的试验系统。利用该系统,在37℃的Saline溶液中进行了钛合金/二氧化锆陶瓷球的扭动微动试验,详细讨论了扭动微动的运行行为和损伤机理。结果表明,扭动微动动力学行为在很大程度上取决于扭动角位移振幅和周期数。研究建立了扭动微动运行工况图（RCFM）,包括3个区域,即：部分滑移区（PSR）,混合区（MFR）和完全滑移区（SR）。在部分滑移区,接触中心没有发现任何损伤,接触边缘上只观察到轻微的擦伤和磨损。在混合区,损坏区域从接触边缘向中心扩展,接触中心无损伤,接触边缘区域出现氧化磨损和损伤。在滑移区,整个接触区域均发生损伤,损伤机理主要是磨蚀磨损、氧化磨损、和粘着磨损。     

一种新型低成本阻燃钛合金的微观组织与力学性能

研究了一种名义成分为Ti-25V-15Cr-5Mo-0.25Si-0.08C的新型低成本阻燃钛合金TF-X,通过三次真空自耗熔炼制备了φ120mm铸锭,经包套挤压得到φ25mm棒材,观察了铸锭和挤压棒材的微观组织,测试并分析了挤压棒材的室温和高温拉伸性能、热稳定性能、高温蠕变性能。结果表明：TF-X合金具有与TF550合金大致相同的微观组织;TF-X合金室温及高温拉伸强度高于TF550合金,并且具有很好的塑性;试验条件下,TF-X合金的热稳定性能低于TF550合金,熔炼过程中应该严格控制氧含量;TF-X合金在540℃/250MPa/100h条件下蠕变性能与TF550合金相当,显著高于Ti40合金。     

热变形对TC11-Ti2AlNb电子束焊接件力学性能的影响

本文应用纳米压痕和维氏硬度的方法表征了TC11/Ti2AlNb电子束焊接焊缝区域在不同状态下的硬度和弹性模量分布,结合组织的演变分析了微纳米尺度的力学的变化。结果表明：在TC11合金的热影响区,马氏体α"相的分解是显微硬度降低的主要原因;而在焊缝以及Ti2AlNb热影响区区域,相的析出导致了显微硬度的增加。通过热变形以及锻后热处理都能够提高焊接区域的弹性模量。相比较而言,焊接态的焊缝弹性模量只有92GPa;而在变形和热处理后,弹性模量的值达到了130GPa。通过拉伸实验结果分析,焊缝在变形及热处理后屈服强度得到了较大提高,这和焊缝区域硬度和弹性模量的变化趋势一致。     

Fabrication of TiN nanostructure as a hydrogen peroxide sensor by oblique angle deposition

Nanostructured titanium nitride (TiN) films with varying porosity were prepared by the oblique angle deposition technique (OAD). The porosity of films increases as the deposition angle becomes larger. The film obtained at an incident angle of 85° exhibits the best catalytic activity and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This could be attributed to its largest contact area with the electrolyte. An effective approach is thus proposed to fabricate TiN nanostructure as H₂O₂ sensor by OAD.     

Effect of acidic additives on the structure and performance of TiO2 films prepared by a commercial nanopowder for dye-sensitized solar cells

This work comprises an experimental study on the effect of various dispersing agents on the morphology of mesoporous TiO₂ films prepared by the doctor blade method and on the performance of the resulting dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO₂ films were prepared using a commercial nanopowder, Degussa P25, which was ground in a mortar, with different dispersing agents and under continuous grinding, in order to break the large agglomerates (>1 μm), present in the powder. These additives can be different acids or bases and must prevent also re-agglomeration of the nanoparticles, by forming a surface charge.Two strong acids (hydrochloric, HCl and nitric, HNO₃), a weak one (acetic acid, CH₃COOH) and a ketone (acetylacetone, C₅H₈O₂) were used in turn. The properties of the films were dependent on the concentration and the kind of the acid. With increasing concentration the coagulation of the nanoparticles also increases, thus affecting the efficiency of the devices. Of all the additives used, HNO₃ gave the best results and a 40% increment in efficiency was observed, compared to the standard dispersing agent that is acetylacetone. The improved homogeneity of the nanoparticle size (24 nm for anatase and 21.5 nm for rutile) and the better connectivity between them were responsible for the improvement in efficiency.