N503-煤油-KSCN分散支撑液膜体系中Pd(Ⅱ)的传输研究

以聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)为支撑体,煤油为膜溶剂,N-N-二(1-甲基庚基)乙酰胺(N503)为流动载体,研究了分散支撑液膜体系中金属Pd(Ⅱ)的传输行为;考察了料液相酸度、分散相膜溶液与解析液体积比以及分散相中KSCN浓度对Pd(Ⅱ)传输的影响。结果表明,当料液相中盐酸浓度为0.10mol.L-1、分散相中膜溶液与解析液KSCN体积比为30:30、解析液KSCN浓度为1.60mol.L-1时,该分散支撑液膜体系对金属Pd(Ⅱ)具有良好的传输作用。在最佳传输条件下,Pd(Ⅱ)起始浓度为5.00×10-5mol.L-1时,130min的传输时间分散支撑液膜体系传输效率可以达到79.8%,而传统支撑液膜只有67.8%。     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解次甲基蓝的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃表面制得均匀透明的纳米TiO2薄膜.以8 W紫外杀菌灯(主波长253.7 nm)为光源,以次甲基蓝溶液为模型反应,研究了TiO2薄膜催化剂的光催化脱色性能.考察了聚乙二醇(PEG)添加量、膜层厚度、热处理温度、溶液酸度等因素对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响.结果表明,次甲基蓝溶液的光催化脱色服从一级动力学规律,测得脱色速率常数k为2.97×10-2min-1,半衰期t1/2为23.3 min.     

Study on transport of Dy（III） by dispersion supported liquid membrane

The transport of Dy(III) through a dispersion supported liquid membrane (DSLM) consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the liquid membrane support and dispersion solution including HCl solution as the stripping solution and 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (PC-88A) dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution, was studied. The effects of pH value, initial concentration of Dy(III) and different ionic strength in the feed phase, volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution, concentration of HCl solution, concentration of carrier, different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on transport of Dy(III) were also investigated, respectively. As a result, when the concentration of HCl solution was 4.0 mol/L, concentration of PC-88A was 0.10 mol/L, and volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution was 40:20 in the dispersion phase, and pH value was 5.0 in the feed phase, the transport effect of Dy(III) was the best. Ionic strength had no obvious effect on transport of Dy(III). Under the optimum condition studied, when initial concentration of Dy(III) was 0.8 × 10^?4 mol/L, the transport rate of Dy(III) was up to 96.2% during the transport time of 95 min. The kinetic equation was developed in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the theory of interface chemistry. The diffusion coefficient of Dy(III) in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase were obtained and the values were 1.99 × 10^?7 m²/s and 15.97 μm, respectively. The results were in good agreement with experimental results.     

生物降解塑料聚乳酸研究进展

简要叙述了聚乳酸(PLA)的基本特性,介绍了PLA在包装行业、纺织行业、医药卫生行业等应用领域的研究进展,重点介绍了PLA的共混改性、复合改性、添加增容剂改性等方法的研究进展。     

聚磷硫酸铁混凝去除邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素

基于磷酸根对聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的强增聚作用,以聚合硫酸铁、Na 2HPO 4为原料,研制出一种新型复合絮凝剂聚磷硫酸铁（PPFS）。通过红外图谱（IR）和电镜扫描（SEM）分析,对PPFS的结构进行了表征,对其絮凝机理进行了探讨,并考察了PPFS的投加量、nPO 43-/nFe3+和碱化度对邻苯二甲酸酯类去除效果的影响。结果表明：PPFS对邻苯二甲酸酯类具有良好去除效果,当投加量为70 mg·L-1、nPO 43-/nFe3+为0.3、碱化度为30%时,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯的去除率分别为67.93%、84.55%、90.88%和88.69%。     

新型水基铸钢铸铁通用涂料的研究和应用

本文主要介绍一种新型水基铸钢铸铁通用涂料的组成、混制工艺、性能和使用效果,并对涂料中的耐火骨料的化学成分、相组织及其与煅烧温度的关系以及涂料的高温性能进行了研究。     

聚磷硫酸铁混凝去除邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素

基于磷酸根对聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的强增聚作用,以聚合硫酸铁、Na2HPO4为原料,研制出一种新型复合絮凝剂聚磷硫酸铁(PPFS).通过红外图谱(IR)和电镜扫描(SEM)分析,对PPFS的结构进行了表征,对其絮凝机理进行了探讨,并考察了PPFS的投加量、nPO43-/nFe3+和碱化度对邻苯二甲酸酯类去除效果的影响.结果表明:PPFS对邻苯二甲酸酯类具有良好去除效果,当投加量为70 mg·L-1、nPO43-/nFe3+为0.3、碱化度为30％时,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯的去除率分别为67.93％、84.55％、90.88％和88.69％.     

液膜法迁移及分离镍(Ⅱ)的研究

本文采用内耦合大块液膜分离技术，考察了搅拌速度、料液相pH值、体系温度、载体浓度对镍(Ⅱ)迁移率的影响，研究了以烷基膦酸为载体的液膜中镍(Ⅱ)的迁移规律。结果表明，镍(Ⅱ)的迁移率随温度和载体浓度的升高而逐渐增大，当迁移条件为搅拌速度300～350r／min、料液相pH值5．3～5．8、载体浓度5．5％～7．5％、温度293～310K时，镍(Ⅱ)即可快速并完全迁移。     

二(2-乙基己基)膦酸萃取镧系元素研究

研究了二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(P IA-8)的庚烷溶液在高氯酸钠介质中对Ln3+的萃取。探讨了萃取平衡时间、不同介质、P IA-8浓度对萃取L a3+的影响及反萃剂浓度对反萃率的影响;用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成为L a(HA2)3;测定了L a3+、C e3+、P r3+、N d3+、Sm3+、Eu3+的半萃取pH1/2值分别为3.69、3.30、3.16、3.10、2.68、2.54。